贝类过敏 - 症状与病因 - 妙佑医疗国际
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贝类过敏是人体的免疫系统对某些海洋动物蛋白质产生的异常反应。贝类海洋动物包括甲壳类动物和软体动物，如虾、螃蟹、龙虾、鱿鱼、牡蛎、扇贝等。 有些对贝类过敏的人对所有的贝类都会产生过敏反应；而另一些人只对特定种类的贝类过敏。反应可能只有轻微症状（如荨麻疹或鼻塞），也可能很严重，甚至出现生命危险。 如果您认为自己出现了贝类过敏，请咨询医生。有些检查可能有助于确认过敏，以便您可以采取措施避免将来发生过敏反应。 产品与服务
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贝类过敏症状通常会在食用贝类后几分钟到一小时内出现。症状可能包括： 荨麻疹、瘙痒或湿疹（特应性皮炎） 嘴唇、面部、舌头和咽喉或其他身体部位肿胀 哮鸣、鼻塞或呼吸困难 腹痛、腹泻、恶心或呕吐 头晕、头重脚轻或昏厥 过敏可能导致严重和可能危及生命的反应，即严重过敏反应。对贝类或其他任何物质产生过敏反应是一种医疗紧急情况，需要注射肾上腺素进行治疗并前往急诊室就医。 严重过敏反应的症状和体征： 导致呼吸困难的咽喉肿胀或者咽喉肿块（气道收缩）。 休克，伴有血压严重下降 头晕、头重脚轻或失去意识 何时就诊
如果您出现严重过敏反应的体征或症状，请寻求紧急治疗。 如果您在进食后不久出现食物过敏症状，则需要到医生或过敏症专科医生处就诊。 Anaphylaxis
Allergies can cause a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction known as anaphylaxis. It can occur within seconds to minutes after exposure to something you're allergic to ⸺ and worsens quickly. An anaphylactic reaction to shellfish is a medical emergency. Anaphylaxis requires immediate treatment with an epinephrine (adrenaline) injection and a follow-up trip to the emergency room. If anaphylaxis isn't treated right away, it can be fatal. Anaphylaxis causes the immune system to release a flood of chemicals that can cause you to go into shock. Signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis include: A swollen throat or tongue or a tightness in the throat (airway constriction) that makes it difficult for you to breathe Coughing, choking or wheezing with trouble breathing Shock, with a severe drop in your blood pressure and a rapid or weak pulse Severe skin rash, hives, itching or swelling Nausea, vomiting or diarrhea Dizziness, lightheadedness or fainting When to see a doctor
Seek emergency treatment if you develop signs or symptoms of anaphylaxis. See a health care provider or allergy specialist if you have food allergy symptoms shortly after eating. 申请 Mayo Clinic 预约 病因
所有食物过敏都是由免疫系统过度反应引起的。在贝类过敏中，您的免疫系统错误地将贝类中的某种蛋白质识别为有害蛋白质，从而触发了产生针对贝类蛋白质（过敏原）的抗体。下次接触过敏原时，您的免疫系统会释放组胺和其他引起过敏症状的化学物质。 贝类的种类
贝类有几种类型，每种都含有不同的蛋白质： 甲壳动物包括螃蟹、龙虾、小龙虾、虾和大虾。 软体动物包括鱿鱼、蜗牛、蛤、牡蛎和扇贝。 有些人只对一种贝类过敏，但可以吃其他贝类。其他贝类过敏的人必须避免所有贝类。 Types of shellfish
There are several types of shellfish, each containing different proteins: Crustaceans include crabs, lobster, crayfish, shrimp and prawn Mollusks include squid, octopus, mussels, snails, clams, oysters, abalone and scallops An allergy to crustaceans is the most common type. Some people are allergic to only one type of shellfish but can eat others. Other people with shellfish allergy must avoid all shellfish. An allergy to fish ⸺ such as salmon, tuna or catfish ⸺ is a different seafood allergy from an allergy to shellfish. Some people who are allergic to shellfish may still be able to eat fish, or they could be allergic to both. Your health care provider can help you determine what is safe to eat. 风险因素
如果您家族成员常患任何类型的过敏，您患贝类过敏的风险就会增加。 任何年龄的人都可能患贝类过敏，但成人的风险更大。对成人而言，贝类过敏更常见于女性。对儿童而言，贝类过敏更常见于男孩。 并发症
在严重的情况下，贝类过敏会导致严重过敏反应，这是一种危险的过敏反应，特征是咽喉肿胀（气道收缩）、脉搏加快、休克、头晕或头重脚轻。严重过敏反应可能危及生命。 如果您对贝类过敏，在以下情况下，您的严重过敏反应风险可能会增加： 您有哮喘 您对极少量的贝类有过敏反应（极度敏感） 您有食物诱发严重过敏反应的病史 可以通过紧急注射肾上腺素来治疗严重过敏反应。如果您有可能对贝类产生严重的过敏反应，则应始终携带可注射的肾上腺素（EpiPen、Adrenaclick 等）。 预防
如果您对贝类过敏，避免过敏反应的唯一方法就是避免接触所有贝类和含有贝类的产品。对于部分人来说，即使是微量的贝类也会引起严重的过敏反应。 避免接触贝类
外出就餐时一定要多加注意。在餐厅用餐时，请务必仔细确认以确保用于烹制贝类的锅、油或餐具未被用于烹制其他食物，避免造成交叉污染。尽量避免在海鲜餐厅用餐，因为那里出现交叉污染的风险更高。 阅读标签。交叉污染可能发生在各种商店中，商店在处理或摆放其他食物时以及生产食品的过程中导致食物过于接近贝类。仔细阅读食物标签。 贝类很少被用作隐蔽配料，但它可能存在于鱼类或海鲜调味料中。各大公司必须对任何含有贝类或其他经常引起过敏反应的食物的产品标注标签，但这些规定不适用于软体动物，例如蛤蜊、牡蛎和扇贝。 保持距离。您可能需要彻底避开烹制或加工贝类的地方。有些人会在接触贝类或吸入烹饪贝类所产生的蒸汽后出现过敏反应。 如果您患有贝类过敏，请咨询医生，考虑随身携带紧急肾上腺素。请佩戴医疗预警手环或颈环，以便他人知道您患有食物过敏。 您无需担心自己是否还会对某些影像学检查中使用的碘或放射性对照染料过敏。即使贝类中含有少量碘，贝类过敏与某些人对放射性对比物质或碘的反应无关。 Avoiding shellfish
Be cautious when dining out. When dining at restaurants, always check to make sure that the pan, oil or utensils used for shellfish aren't also used to prepare other foods, creating cross-contamination. It might be necessary to avoid eating at seafood restaurants, where there's a high risk of cross-contamination. Read labels. Cross-contamination can occur in stores where other food is processed or displayed near shellfish and during manufacturing. Shellfish may be in fish stock or seafood flavoring. Read food labels carefully. Shellfish is not usually a hidden ingredient. Companies are required to label any product that contains crustacean shellfish or certain other foods that often cause allergic reactions. However, these regulations don't apply to mollusks. Keep your distance. You may need to completely avoid places where shellfish are prepared or processed. Some people react after touching shellfish or inhaling steam from cooking shellfish. Be prepared
If you have shellfish allergy, talk with your health care provider about carrying emergency epinephrine and how to use it. Consider wearing a medical alert bracelet or necklace that lets others know you have a food allergy. Iodine or radiocontrast dye
One thing you don't need to worry about is if you'll also be allergic to iodine or radiocontrast material that's used in some imaging tests. Even though shellfish contain small amounts of iodine, shellfish allergy is unrelated to the reactions some people have to radiocontrast material or iodine. 来自妙佑医疗国际员工 申请 Mayo Clinic 预约 诊断与治疗 July 13, 2022 打印 Share on: FacebookTwitterWeChat WeChat
CloseWeibo 显示参考文献 Sicherer SH. Seafood allergies: Fish and shellfish. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed April 1, 2018. Tintinalli JE, et al. Anaphylaxis, allergies, and angioedema. In: Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide. 8th ed. New York, N.Y.: The McGraw Hill Companies; 2016. http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com. Accessed March 30, 2018. Shellfish allergy. American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. https://acaai.org/allergies/types/food-allergies/types-food-allergy/shellfish-allergy. Accessed March 30, 2018. Papadakis MA, et al., eds. Rheumatologic, immunologic, & allergic disorders. In: Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2018. 56th ed. New York, N.Y.: McGraw-Hill Education; 2017. http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com. Accessed March 31, 2018. Commins SP, et al. Food intolerance and food allergy in adults: An overview. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed April 1, 2018. Shellfish allergy. Food Allergy and Research Education. https://www.foodallergy.org/common-allergens/shellfish. Accessed March 30, 2018. Li JT (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. April 11, 2018. 相关
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