Genome Sequencing and Genetic Engineering Could Help Protect Ocean Ecosystems HEAD TOPICS

Genome Sequencing and Genetic Engineering Could Help Protect Ocean Ecosystems

10/23/2022 1:37:00 AM

Genome Sequencing and Genetic Engineering Could Help Protect Ocean Ecosystems

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SciTechDaily

Genome Sequencing and Genetic Engineering Could Help Protect Ocean Ecosystems Advanced Genomic Approaches Hold Promise for Marine Conservation Although genetic and genomic technologies have enormous potential for protecting marine life, they are currently being underutilized. Madeleine van Oppen of the Australian Institute of Marine Science and the University of Melbourne October 22, 2022Illustration depicting the conservation actions and interventions addressed in this Essay and showing the major infrastructure required for each. Numbers relate to the following actions/interventions: 1. Genetic rescue (translocation); 2. Marine protected area design and spatial planning; 3. Species identification and delineation; 4. Assisted gene flow (translocation) and restoration (provenance); 5. Biobanking; 6. Assisted evolution (via managed breeding; 7. Biodiversity monitoring; 8. Early warning biomarkers of invasives and pests; 9. Combating illegal fishing and mislabeling; 10. Managing fisheries; 11. Microbiome manipulation; 12. Microbial bioremediation; 13. Alleviating marine stressors ex situ; 14. Provisioning of marine life services ex situ; 15. Evolutionary rescue via genome editing; 16. Pest control; 17. De-extinction; 18. Genomic vulnerability analyses. Credit: van Oppen MJH and Coleman MA, 2022, PLOS Biology, Read more:
SciTechDaily » The world's biggest marine reserve seems to be doing its job Afghan couple accuse US Marine of taking their baby Hawaii’s Massive Marine Reserve Has Helped Overfished Tuna, Study Suggests Fish populations thrive near marine protected areas—and so do fishers

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Read more >> The world's biggest marine reserve seems to be doing its jobThe number of fish caught just outside a recently expanded marine protected area in Hawai’i has risen, a sign that quadrupling the size of the reserve in 2016 may have bolstered fish populations in the region John Cleese joins GB News as he details why he'd turn down BBC Alhamdulillah Afghan couple accuse US Marine of taking their babyThis little girl, now 3½ years old, finds herself at the center of a high-stakes tangle of at least four court cases. The ordeal has drawn in the U.S. departments of Defense, Justice and State, whi… Hawaii’s Massive Marine Reserve Has Helped Overfished Tuna, Study Suggests“Just life in general appears to be much more plentiful and more abundant,” a researcher on the project said. Well done all who made this happen xx Fish populations thrive near marine protected areas—and so do fishersCarefully-placed no-fishing zones can help to restore tunas and other large, iconic fish species. How do you protect fish that swim beyond your safety net?A new study shows two kinds of tuna have become much more abundant in a large marine reserve near Hawaii, suggesting they and other long-distance swimmers can be sheltered from overfishing. Cougars Extra Points: UH 38, Navy 20Some observations from UH's win over Navy on Saturday at Navy-Marine Corps Memorial... PLOS October 22, 2022 Illustration depicting the conservation actions and interventions addressed in this Essay and showing the major infrastructure required for each., strongly suggests the number of fish caught just outside the MPA is higher now than it used to be, based on data collected between early 2010 and late 2019.October 20, 2022 at 4:54 p.By Senior Reporter, HuffPost Oct 21, 2022, 08:23 AM EDT. Numbers relate to the following actions/interventions: 1. Genetic rescue (translocation); 2.” “This is one of the few studies to show actual spillover benefits, which are often difficult to prove. Marine protected area design and spatial planning; 3.m. Species identification and delineation; 4.” More hooks in the water Importantly, says John Lynham, an environmental economist at the University of Hawai’i and one of the study’s authors, the increase in tuna catches near the reserve held up even when looking at the average numbers caught by particular fishers. Assisted gene flow (translocation) and restoration (provenance); 5. Biobanking; 6. To account for effort, catch numbers were divided by the ever-increasing number of fishing hooks in the area. as refugees are suing a U. Assisted evolution (via managed breeding; 7. Biodiversity monitoring; 8. To keep catch rates high, fishers keep adding more. Early warning biomarkers of invasives and pests; 9. The baby had been pulled from the rubble two years earlier after her parents and five siblings were killed during a U. Combating illegal fishing and mislabeling; 10. “There are also vessels coming in from Japan, China, and Taiwan, but we don’t have access to detailed data on what they are catching,” he says. Managing fisheries; 11. Microbiome manipulation; 12. For every 10,000 hooks in the water, the team calculated for the period between 2010 and 2019, fishers were catching on average six more yellowfin and five more bigeye tuna per year after the expansion than before. After months of treatment in a U. Microbial bioremediation; 13. Alleviating marine stressors ex situ; 14.” A variety of fish species swims above a patch reef 80 feet deep at French Frigate Shoals in Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument. Provisioning of marine life services ex situ; 15. But unbeknownst to the couple, court records say, a U. Evolutionary rescue via genome editing; 16. Unauthorized use is prohibited. Pest control; 17. De-extinction; 18. “Exactly what we’d expect a spillover effect to look like,” Lynham adds. With his wife back home in Virginia, he felt compelled to adopt the Afghan baby and praised it as an act of Christian faith. Genomic vulnerability analyses. Credit: van Oppen MJH and Coleman MA, 2022, PLOS Biology, CC-BY 4. According to fisheries biologist Ray Hilborn of the University of Washington, fishing in the area was limited before expansion. 0 Advanced Genomic Approaches Hold Promise for Marine Conservation Although genetic and genomic technologies have enormous potential for protecting marine life, they are currently being underutilized.S. Madeleine van Oppen of the Australian Institute of Marine Science and the University of Melbourne and Melinda Coleman with the New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Australia argue this point in an essay published on October 17 th PLOS Biology , an open-access journal.” He believes the expansion therefore had a limited impact, and that any recovery would take more time. There isn’t any part of our oceans that is left untouched by humans. Vital ecosystems such as coral reefs, seagrass meadows, and kelp forests are all declining due to climate change and other human disturbances. Lynham, on the other hand, says the recorded number of boats fishing in the area before the reserve was expanded was hardly insignificant.S. In their essay, van Oppen and Coleman propose that the use of genetic and genomic approaches holds tremendous promise in advancing marine conservation and restoration, through both traditional strategies, and more recent developments, such as assisted evolution. Environmental DNA (eDNA) refers to organismal DNA that can be found in the environment.” He also points out that the study specifically accounted for the possible effect of an ocean-wide increase in tuna populations, and that catches nearer the reserve were usually higher nevertheless. Environmental DNA originates from cellular material shed by organisms (via skin, excrement, etc. While authorities were looking for her Afghan relatives, attorney Joshua Mast, represented by his brother Richard Mast, told a Virginia state circuit court judge that the baby was a “stateless war orphan,” records show: They assured the judge that Afghan President Ashraf Ghani himself was planning to sign a waiver of jurisdiction within days.) into aquatic or terrestrial environments that can be sampled and monitored using new molecular methods. This is complicated by the fact that tuna numbers had been decreasing for decades before the reserve was created and likely would have continued to do so, making it harder to predict how many would have been caught if there hadn’t been a reserve. These techniques are crucial for the early detection of invasive species as well as the detection of rare and cryptic species. For instance, DNA sequencing can now identify illegally harvested seafood products to protect threatened species. In any case, the protected area appears to have a positive impact on the population, increasing catches where fishing is still allowed, which is good news, and had never been shown in this much detail before, Lynham says. Further, he said such a request would have to go through the courts, which did not happen. DNA in seawater samples, called environmental DNA, is emerging as a more feasible alternative or complement to traditional SCUBA-based surveys of marine biodiversity, and can also be used to monitor disease outbreaks and the spread of invasive species. Furthermore, genomic techniques exist that could help fisheries to keep tabs on fish stocks and to monitor how fish are adapting to stressors in their environment. “There are catch limits, but nobody is really respecting those. Looking to the future, van Oppen and Coleman point to multiple developing technologies that could benefit ocean life.S. Just like humans take probiotics for gut health, specific bacterial and fungal species could be identified or engineered to benefit the health of wildlife, like corals.S. Synthetic biology could enable the manufacturing of products in the lab that previously were harvested from marine ecosystems, like horseshoe crab blood, and genome editing could be used to help organisms adapt more rapidly to their changing environment. Although still controversial, there is also the possibility of using gene drives, which cause damaging genes to spread through a population, to eradicate invasive species.” “There is a need for greater control of the catch numbers each country is hauling in before we can say we are really on a path towards sustainability,” he argues.” The judge refused to intervene and the baby was given to her relatives. The effective use of these approaches will require the development of suitable online platforms and enhanced collaboration between various stakeholders of marine ecosystems, and the authors call on funding agencies to support these efforts. They conclude that genomic technologies could considerably improve conservation and restoration efforts, but only if the gap can be bridged between genomics experts and marine biodiversity managers. Sustainable spillover Please be respectful of copyright. van Oppen adds, “Genetic/genomic approaches can transform how we protect, manage and conserve marine life and can assist in boosting the resilience of marine species to climate change. courts — wept with joy when they met the 7-month-old baby.” Reference: “Advancing the protection of marine life through genomics” by Madeleine J. Please be respectful of copyright. H. van Oppen and Melinda A. Left : A school of Hawaiian Flagtail in the reserve, which was quadrupled in size in 2016.” Over the next two years, the Afghan couple say, they settled in as a family and raised the baby in the Muslim faith. Coleman, 17 October 2022, PLOS Biology .