How Earth' s oxygen could help the James Webb Space Telescope spot alien life Earth - Oxygen HEAD TOPICS
How Earth' s oxygen could help the James Webb Space Telescope spot alien life
10/22/2022 3:00:00 PM The oxygen evolution of our own planet may hold the key to discovering life elsewhere
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The oxygen evolution of our own planet may hold the key to discovering life elsewhere A study takes a closer look into Earth 's oxygen evolution to discuss what this could mean for finding life on exoplanets. Modelling oxygen levelsWe set out to explore and reconstruct atmospheric oxygen levels during the NOE to see what conditions the first animals appeared under. To do this, we built a computer model of the Earth, incorporating knowledge about the various processes which can deliver oxygen to the atmosphere or remove it. We investigated carbon-bearing rocks, deposited worldwide, to calculate ancient photosynthesis rates. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants and microbes use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugars – the main source of oxygen on Earth. Read more:
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We investigated carbon-bearing rocks, deposited worldwide, to calculate ancient photosynthesis rates.. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants and microbes use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugars – the main source of oxygen on Earth. By MARCIA DUNN The Associated Press CAPE CANAVERAL — The first Native American woman in space said Wednesday she is overwhelmed by the beauty and delicacy of Mother Earth, and is channeling “positive energy” as her five-month mission gets underway. Carbon naturally exists in many isotopes – atoms with a different number of neutrons in their nucleus (the nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons). It’s currently home to three Americans, three Russians and one Japanese astronaut. Different isotopes therefore have slightly different sizes and masses from one another. She is a member of the Wailacki of the Round Valley Indian Tribes in Northern California. Waiting lists for planned operations in Wales have grown to another record, exceeding three-quarters of a million for the first time. We looked at isotopes of carbon known as carbon-12 and carbon-13, which do not undergo radioactive decay. Plants prefer to use carbon-12 - the lightest isotope - during photosynthesis, leaving the seawater and subsequently the rocks which form on the ocean floor enriched in carbon-13 instead. The small traditional webbed hoop with feathers is used to offer protection, and she said it’s given her strength during challenging times. When we analyse these rocks, millions or even billions of years later, if we find more carbon-13 than carbon-12 we can predict that more photosynthesis, and thus more oxygen production, occurred. Image caption, Russell George says the Welsh government needs to '"take responsibility" for long NHS waiting times "This failure to plan for the re-opening of hospitals has meant the delivery of healthcare is out of control - staff are doing their best to cope with demand but a lack of leadership from the centre has meant the minister leaving the NHS totally adrift," he added. We then modelled volcanic activity, which can release gases that react with oxygen, removing it from the atmosphere. “It’s the strength to know that I have the support of my family and community back home and that when things are difficult or things are getting hard or I’m getting burned-out or frustrated, that strength is something that I will draw on to continue toward a successful mission,” Mann told The Associated Press, which gathered questions from members and tribal news outlets across the country. Now, she’s taking in the sweeping vistas of Earth from 260 miles up and hoping to see the constellations, as she encourages youngsters to follow their dreams. This approach might sound a little strange, and you might ask why there was nothing more direct for us to measure. This is because most geological evidence from this time is not preserved, and these carbon isotope ratios are one of the few well-defined data sets we have through this time period. “It’s difficult for some people maybe to understand because it’s not really tangible,” she said." More on this story. What we found is that, rather than a simple jump in oxygen levels during the Neoproterozoic era, the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere changed significantly and, on geological timescales, very rapidly. While 750 million years ago, oxygen made up 12 percent of the atmosphere, in just a few tens of millions of years after, it had dropped to about 0.” Mann, 45, a Marine colonel and test pilot who was born in Petaluma, California, said it’s important to recognize there are all types of people aboard the space station.3 percent – a tiny fraction – before rising again a few million years later.” Mann rocketed into orbit with SpaceX on Oct. Our research shows that atmospheric oxygen probably continued this dance between high and low levels until plants gained a foothold on the land some 450 million years ago. “What that does is it just highlights our diversity and how incredible it is when we come together as a human species, the wonderful things that we can do and that we can accomplish,” she said. Searching for alien life These results are intriguing for a number of reasons. We have often thought that the relative stability that Earth has experienced for much of the last 4. “Unfortunately, in my mind at that time, it was not in the realm of possibilities,” she said.5 billion years is necessary for life to flourish. After all, when big events, such as asteroid impacts, have occurred it has not gone well for some of Earth’s inhabitants (sorry, dinosaurs). Now, she’s taking in the sweeping vistas of Earth from 260 miles (420 kilometers) up and hoping to see the constellations, as she encourages youngsters to follow their dreams. Copyright AP - Associated Press. But if the first animals did evolve against a backdrop of highly variable oxygen levels, it suggests that some dynamic changes might instead be required in order to foster ecological innovation. Our results suggest that periods of low atmospheric oxygen levels could have been important for developing more complex life by driving the extinction of some simple organisms and allowing the survivors to expand and diversify when oxygen levels rose again. So, we should not rule out taking a closer look at exoplanets that have a poorly oxygenated atmosphere. Of course, this is a very Earth and even animal-centric view. Alien life may be completely different to life on Earth. For example, it could well exist on planetary bodies such as Titan – one of Saturn’s moons – which has seas of liquid methane and ethane. But as a starting point in our search for extra-terrestrial life, understanding the history of atmospheric oxygen on Earth is a useful guide. Authors: .