Marshmallow World Discovered Giant Fluffy Planet Orbiting a Cool Red Dwarf Star HEAD TOPICS
Marshmallow World Discovered Giant Fluffy Planet Orbiting a Cool Red Dwarf Star
10/22/2022 1:33:00 PM Marshmallow World Discovered Giant Fluffy Planet Orbiting a Cool Red Dwarf Star
Source SciTechDaily
Marshmallow World Discovered Giant Fluffy Planet Orbiting a Cool Red Dwarf Star Kitt Peak National Observatory telescope helps determines that Jupiter-like Planet is the lowest-density gas giant ever detected around a red dwarf. A gas giant exoplanet with the density of a marshmallow has been detected in orbit around a cool red dwarf star. A suite of astronomical instruments Kitt Peak National Observatory telescope helps determines thatA gas giantNASAis the fluffiest gas giant planet ever discovered around this type of star., is the lowest-density planet ever detected around a red dwarf star and is estimated to have an average density akin to that of a marshmallow. The Astronomical JournaFrom the ground of the Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO), a Program of NSF’s NOIRLab, the Wisconsin-Indiana-Yale-NOIRLab (WIYN) 3.5-meter Telescope seemingly eyes the Milky Way as it spills from the horizon. A reddish airglow, a natural phenomenon, colors the horizon as well. KPNO is located in the Arizona-Sonoran Desert on the Tohono O’odham Nation and this clear view of part of the Milky Way’s galactic plane shows the favorable conditions in this environment that are needed to view faint celestial objects. These conditions, which include low levels of light pollution, a sky darker than a magnitude of 20, and dry atmospheric conditions, have allowed researchers in the WIYN Consortium to pursue observations of galaxies, nebulas, and exoplanets as well as many other astronomical targets using the WIYN 3.5-meter Telescope and its sibling telescope the WIYN 0.9-meter Telescope. Credit: KPNO/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/R. Sparks Read more:
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Snap Inc shares sank more than 30% on Friday and hit their lowest since the pandemic, after the company's forecast of zero revenue growth pointed to more pain ahead for a social media sector heavily dependant on digital advertising. Read more >> Here’s a sneak peak at some 2023 Rose Parade float conceptsICYMI Sneak Peek: RoseParade Tournament offers first look at 2023 floats RoseParade TournamentofRoses 🌹 Don't miss the Orionid meteor shower peak tonight (Oct. 21)Bring a warm blanket, lie back and watch the remains of Halley's Comet burn up in our atmosphere. And the sky is cloudy today! 🥺 Sneak Peak: Tournament offers first look at 2023 Rose Parade floatsHere are five floats that will partake in the 2023 Rose Parade. Meteor shower to peak Friday: How to catch a glimpseA meteor shower that is considered one of the most beautiful light shows of the year is expected to peak this week. Orionid meteor shower expected to peak Friday morningThe Orionids, which send streaks of light across the dark skies, are best seen by getting away from city and street lights, according to NASA. What are these steaks of light called, I wonder? Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) October 22, 2022 Artist impression of an ultra fluffy gas giant planet orbiting a red dwarf star.October 20, 2022 at 5:22 p.(opens in new tab) (opens in new tab) An illustration of the night sky on Oct.October 20, 2022 at 5:22 p. A gas giant exoplanet [right] with the density of a marshmallow has been detected in orbit around a cool red dwarf star [left] by the NASA-funded NEID radial-velocity instrument on the 3.5-meter WIYN Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory, a Program of NSF’s NOIRLab. UPDATED: October 21, 2022 at 8:30 a. The planet, named TOI-3757 b, is the fluffiest gas giant planet ever discovered around this type of star. 21), making this an excellent time to get outside and see some fireballs streak through the atmosphere. Credit: NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/J. The Rose Parade is months away, but organizers offered a sneak peek at five of the floats that will inspire and charm a worldwide audience from Pasadena’s Colorado Boulevard on Monday, Jan. da Silva/Spaceengine/M. 2, 2023. Zamani Kitt Peak National Observatory telescope helps determines that Jupiter -like Planet is the lowest-density gas giant ever detected around a red dwarf. The Tournament of Roses Parade is set to return to Colorado Boulevard on Jan. The Orionids get their name from the fact that the meteor shower's radiant — the point in the sky from which the meteors appear to originate — is in the next to the Hunter's club. A gas giant exoplanet with the density of a marshmallow has been detected in orbit around a cool red dwarf star. A suite of astronomical instruments was used to make the observations, including the NASA -funded NEID radial-velocity instrument on the WIYN 3. 20.5-meter Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory, a Program of NSF’s NOIRLab. Named TOI-3757 b, the exoplanet is the fluffiest gas giant planet ever discovered around this type of star. (Courtesy Tournament of Roses) BAZIC Products, known for its wide variety of supplies ranging from office and school to writing tools, will use its float to hammer home the importance of education in future generations The theme of the float is “Launching Our Future Generation,” according to a news release. (Courtesy Tournament of Roses) BAZIC Products, known for its wide variety of supplies ranging from office and school to writing tools, will use its float to hammer home the importance of education in future generations The theme of the float is “Launching Our Future Generation,” according to a news release. Using the WIYN 3.5-meter Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory in Arizona, astronomers have observed an unusual Jupiter-like planet in orbit around a cool red dwarf star. Cal Poly Universities The Cal Poly Rose Float float is one of many that will travel down Colorado Boulevard for the 2023 Rose Parade. Located in the constellation of Auriga the Charioteer around 580 light-years from Earth, this planet, identified as TOI-3757 b , is the lowest-density planet ever detected around a red dwarf star and is estimated to have an average density akin to that of a marshmallow. Red dwarf stars are the smallest and dimmest members of so-called main-sequence stars — stars that convert hydrogen into helium in their cores at a steady rate. The group has won more than 60 float awards, and could add more with this year’s float featuring “a small, often overlooked part of nature,” organizers said, that will be scaled up to the point where viewers are the insects. Although they are “cool” compared to stars like our Sun, red dwarf stars can be extremely active and erupt with powerful flares. The float’s theme, “Road to Reclamation,” encourages the audience to take a deeper look at the nature around them, according to a news release, and hopefully feel a sense of awe for the regenerative power of nature. This can strip orbiting planets of their atmospheres, making this star system a seemingly inhospitable location to form such a gossamer planet. This will allow the audience to reflect on how the ending of one phase can bring opportunity to the next, organizers said. “Giant planets around red dwarf stars have traditionally been thought to be hard to form,” says Shubham Kanodia, a researcher at Carnegie Institution for Science’s Earth and Planets Laboratory and first author on a paper published in The Astronomical Journa l. “So far this has only been looked at with small samples from Doppler surveys, which typically have found giant planets further away from these red dwarf stars. (Courtesy Tournament of Roses) The South Pasadena Tournament of Roses remains the oldest self-built float in the Rose Parade, having constructed and decorated their floats since 1893 to promote community spirit and volunteerism, according to parade organizers. Until now we have not had a large enough sample of planets to find close-in gas planets in a robust manner.” There are still unexplained mysteries surrounding TOI-3757 b, the big one being how a gas-giant planet can form around a red dwarf star, and especially such a low-density planet. Several types of bark, including eucalyptus, melaleuca and sycamore, along with sycamore and liquid amber leaves will be found on the colorful float, according to organizers. Several types of bark, including eucalyptus, melaleuca and sycamore, along with sycamore and liquid amber leaves will be found on the colorful float, according to organizers. Kanodia’s team, however, thinks they might have a solution to that mystery. From the ground of the Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO), a Program of NSF’s NOIRLab, the Wisconsin-Indiana-Yale-NOIRLab (WIYN) 3. Donate Life The 2023 Donate Life Rose Parade float and its theme, “Lifting Each Other Up,” celebrates the power of organ, eye and tissue donation, according to parade organizers.5-meter Telescope seemingly eyes the Milky Way as it spills from the horizon. A reddish airglow, a natural phenomenon, colors the horizon as well. “A spectacular Asian street dragon is the centerpiece of the float” to symbolize great power, good luck and strength, a news release reads. KPNO is located in the Arizona-Sonoran Desert on the Tohono O’odham Nation and this clear view of part of the Milky Way’s galactic plane shows the favorable conditions in this environment that are needed to view faint celestial objects. The colorful dragon winds through flowering trees, lanterns and fans, and is emblazoned with 44 memorial floragraphs, portraits-in-petals that look to memorialize the deceased donors who gave the precious gift of life to complete strangers, “The dragon will be supported on poles by living donors, and surrounded by organ, eye and tissue recipients, whose lives have been transformed and have turned the corner to a more auspicious future,” a news release states. These conditions, which include low levels of light pollution, a sky darker than a magnitude of 20, and dry atmospheric conditions, have allowed researchers in the WIYN Consortium to pursue observations of galaxies, nebulas, and exoplanets as well as many other astronomical targets using the WIYN 3. “A traditional paifang bridge is featured in the back of the float, with a special message in mandarin that highlights the power of the Gift of Life.5-meter Telescope and its sibling telescope the WIYN 0.9-meter Telescope. (Courtesy Tournament of Roses) Lions International first displayed a float in the 1948 Rose Parade and have done so continuously since 1992. Credit: KPNO/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/R. Sparks They propose that the extra-low density of TOI-3757 b could be the result of two factors. And the 2023 float is no different as it features Lions and Leos planting trees, picking up litter and tending a garden with nutritious food. And the 2023 float is no different as it features Lions and Leos planting trees, picking up litter and tending a garden with nutritious food. The first relates to the rocky core of the planet; gas giants are thought to begin as massive rocky cores about ten times the mass of Earth, at which point they rapidly pull in large amounts of neighboring gas to form the gas giants we see today. TOI-3757b’s star has a lower abundance of heavy elements compared to other M-dwarfs with gas giants, and this may have resulted in the rocky core forming more slowly, delaying the onset of gas accretion and therefore affecting the planet’s overall density. “Supporting this mission and riding on this year’s float are Lions International President Brian Sheehan and his wife, Lori Sheehan. The second factor may be the planet’s orbit, which is tentatively thought to be slightly elliptical. There are times it gets closer to its star than at other times, resulting in substantial excess heating that can cause the planet’s atmosphere to bloat. Giffords is set to serve as ambassador for this year’s festivities before enjoying a one-of-a-king float ride through Colorado Boulevard in the 134th Rose Parade after being. ( TESS ) initially spotted the planet. Kanodia’s team then made follow-up observations using ground-based instruments, including NEID and NESSI (NN-EXPLORE Exoplanet Stellar Speckle Imager), both housed at the WIYN 3.5-meter Telescope; the Habitable-zone Planet Finder (HPF) on the Hobby-Eberly Telescope; and the Red Buttes Observatory (RBO) in Wyoming. TESS surveyed the crossing of this planet TOI-3757 b in front of its star, which allowed astronomers to calculate the planet’s diameter to be about 150,000 kilometers (100,000 miles) or about just slightly larger than that of Jupiter. The planet finishes one complete orbit around its host star in just 3.5 days, 25 times less than the closest planet in our Solar System — Mercury — which takes about 88 days to do so. The astronomers then used NEID and HPF to measure the star’s apparent motion along the line of sight, also known as its radial velocity. These measurements provided the planet’s mass, which was calculated to be about one-quarter that of Jupiter, or about 85 times the mass of the Earth. Knowing the size and the mass allowed Kanodia’s team to calculate TOI-3757 b’s average density as being 0.27 grams per cubic centimeter (about 17 grams per cubic feet), which would make it less than half the density of Saturn (the lowest-density planet in the Solar System), about one quarter the density of water (meaning it would float if placed in a giant bathtub filled with water), or in fact, similar in density to a marshmallow. “Potential future observations of the atmosphere of this planet using NASA’s new James Webb Space Telescope could help shed light on its puffy nature,” says Jessica Libby-Roberts, a postdoctoral researcher at Pennsylvania State University and the second author on this paper. “Finding more such systems with giant planets — which were once theorized to be extremely rare around red dwarfs — is part of our goal to understand how planets form,” says Kanodia. The discovery highlights the importance of NEID in its ability to confirm some of the candidate exoplanets currently being discovered by NASA’s TESS mission, providing important targets for the new James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to follow up on and begin characterizing their atmospheres. This will in turn inform astronomers what the planets are made of and how they formed and, for potentially habitable rocky worlds, whether they might be able to support life. Reference: “TOI-3757 b: A low-density gas giant orbiting a solar-metallicity M dwarf” by Shubham Kanodia, Jessica Libby-Roberts, Caleb I. Cañas, Joe P. Ninan, Suvrath Mahadevan, Gudmundur Stefansson, Andrea S. J. Lin, Sinclaire Jones, Andrew Monson, Brock A. Parker, Henry A. Kobulnicky, Tera N. Swaby, Luke Powers, Corey Beard, Chad F. Bender, Cullen H. Blake, William D. Cochran, Jiayin Dong, Scott A. Diddams, Connor Fredrick, Arvind F. Gupta, Samuel Halverson, Fred Hearty, Sarah E. Logsdon, Andrew J. Metcalf, Michael W. McElwain, Caroline Morley, Jayadev Rajagopal, Lawrence W. Ramsey, Paul Robertson, Arpita Roy, Christian Schwab, Ryan C. Terrien, John Wisniewski and Jason T. Wright, 5 August 2022, The Astronomical Journal .