Evolution of immune genes is associated with the Black Death - Nature Archaeology - Bacterial İnfection HEAD TOPICS

Evolution of immune genes is associated with the Black Death - Nature

10/21/2022 9:58:00 PM

Nature research paper Evolution of immune genes is associated with the Black Death

Archaeology Bacterial İnfection

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Nature research paper Evolution of immune genes is associated with the Black Death Klunk and colleagues identify signatures of natural selection imposed by Yersinia pestis and demonstrate their effect on genetic diversity and susceptibility to certain diseases in the present day. These authors contributed equally: Jennifer Klunk, Tauras P. VilgalysJennifer Klunk, Katherine Eaton, G. Brian Golding & Hendrik N. PoinarTauras P. Vilgalys, Mari Shiratori, Maria I. Patino, Anne Dumaine & Luis B. BarreiroXiaoheng Cheng & Matthias Steinrücken Rebecca RedfernJulia A. GambleAnn CarmichaelJean-Christophe GrenierVania Yotova & Renata SindeauxChun Jimmie Ye & Matin BikaranJessica F. Brinkworth Read more:
nature » Ancient DNA reveals rapid natural selection during the Black Death Bubonic plague left lingering scars on the human genome Black Death Drove Selection of Human Immune-Related Genes, Affecting Our Susceptibility to Disease Today How the Black Death changed our immune systems

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A series of recent wildfires ignited or spread this past week as warm, dry, and windy conditions—a rarity for the rainy Pacific Northwest. Read more >> Ancient DNA reveals rapid natural selection during the Black DeathPlague pandemic might have led to rapid evolution of immune genes. That some live and some die under environmental stress, such as a plague, is the very defination of evolution by natural selection. So, why did they need to look at the DNA to know that? As every stressor in the environment? Bigger stressor bigger adaptation? Bubonic plague left lingering scars on the human genomeGenes that might have aided survival during the Black Death are now linked to autoimmune disorders. intersting ! a gene variation which helped someone survive...might lead to disease in offspring , 15+ generations down the line. Actually bengeologist Fascinating. Thanks for retweeting. Black Death Drove Selection of Human Immune-Related Genes, Affecting Our Susceptibility to Disease TodayThe Black Death, which killed up to 50% of the European population in less than five years, was the single greatest mortality event in recorded history. New research has discovered evidence that one of the darkest periods in recorded human history placed a substantial selective pressure on the human How the Black Death changed our immune systemsMedieval DNA suggests immune gene helped protect against deadly pathogen, but may cause autoimmune problems today GUYS! Airdrop campaign now GUYS!! Why are they keeping this a secret Download references Acknowledgements We thank all members of the Barreiro laboratory and the Poinar laboratory for their constructive comments and feedback.Skip to main content Thank you for visiting nature.People with bubonic plague, such as those depicted in this fifteenth century Swiss manuscript, suffered from swollen lymph nodes.population, changing the frequency of certain immune-related genetic variants and affecting our susceptibility to disease today. We thank J. Tung for her comments and edits to the manuscript. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. Computational resources were provided by the University of Chicago Research Computing Center. Four DNA variants in particular seem to have become more common after the Black Death, and might have contributed to survival. Sequencing was performed at the Farncombe Sequencing Facility McMaster University. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. We thank the Cytometry and Biomarkers platform at the Institut Pasteur for support in conducting this study, with a special thanks to C. pestis), the global pandemic of the bubonic plague wiped out 30% to 60% of people in cities across North Africa, Europe, and Asia, with massive repercussions for the human race — and, apparently, our genome. Petitdemange for help running the Luminex assay. “We always wonder what the forces are that drive population evolution. We thank X. Zhang for assistance in simulating allele frequency changes under neutral evolution. This work was supported by grant R01-GM134376 to L. Barreiro and his colleagues hypothesized that such a dramatic event could have left its mark on the evolution of the immune system.B. Credit: UChicago Medicine In the study, the scientists took advantage of recent advances in sequencing technology to examine ancient DNA samples from the bones of over 200 individuals from London and Denmark who died before, during, and after the Black Death plague swept through the region in the late 1340s. B., H. One variant affected the expression of a gene called ERAP2 .P. and J.P. It is involved in cutting bacterial proteins into pieces, some of which are then displayed on the surface of the macrophage as a signal to other immune cells. Credit: UChicago Medicine The research team zeroed in on one gene with a particularly strong association to susceptibility: ERAP2 . -C., a grant from the Wenner-Gren Foundation to J.F. Laboratory studies backed up this idea: macrophages expressing the longer version of ERAP2 were better able to prevent Yersinia pestis replication than were macrophages expressing the truncated version.B. (8702), and the UChicago DDRCC, Center for Interdisciplinary Study of Inflammatory Intestinal Disorders (C-IID) (NIDDK P30 DK042086). By our estimate, possessing two copies of the rs2549794 variant would have made a person about 40% more likely to survive the Black Death than those who had two copies of the non-functional variant. The SSHRC Insight Development Grant supported the collection of the Danish samples (430-2017-01193).” Tip of the iceberg? The team’s approach was powerful, says Johannes Krause,a palaeogeneticist at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, who has studied links between bubonic plague and immune-system genes. H.N.P. This, says Gao, could reveal yet more genetic variants associated with Black Death. was supported by an Insight Grant no. “The results support the ancient DNA evidence that rs2549794 is protective against the plague. 20008499 from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) and The Canadian Institute for Advanced Research under the Humans and the Microbiome programme. T.org/10.P.V. was supported by NIH F32GM140568. These genes are under balancing selection — what provided tremendous protection during hundreds of years of plague epidemics has turned out to be autoimmune-related now. X.C. and M. Steinrücken were supported by grant R01GM146051. We also thank the University of Chicago Genomics Facility (RRID:SCR_019196), especially P. “This tells us about the mechanisms that allowed us to survive throughout history and why we’re still here today. Faber, for their assistance with RNA sequencing. H.P. thanks D. Poinar for continued support and manuscript suggestions and editing. DeWitte, Julia A. Author information These authors contributed equally: Jennifer Klunk, Tauras P. Vilgalys These authors jointly supervised this work: Hendrik N. Poinar, Luis B. Barreiro Authors and Affiliations McMaster Ancient DNA Centre, Departments of Anthropology, Biology and Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Jennifer Klunk, Katherine Eaton, G. Brian Golding & Hendrik N. Rouleau, Matthias Steinrücken, Javier Pizarro-Cerdá, Hendrik N. Poinar Daicel Arbor Biosciences, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Jennifer Klunk, Alison Devault & Jean-Marie Rouillard Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA Tauras P. Vilgalys, Mari Shiratori, Maria I. Patino, Anne Dumaine & Luis B. Barreiro Yersinia Research Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France Christian E. Demeure, Julien Madej, Rémi Beau & Javier Pizarro-Cerdá Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA Xiaoheng Cheng & Matthias Steinrücken Department of Microbiology, Ricketts Laboratory, University of Chicago, Lemont, IL, USA Derek Elli & Dominique Missiakas Centre for Human Bioarchaeology, Museum of London, London, UK Rebecca Redfern Department of Anthropology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA Sharon N. Vilgalys, Xiaoheng Cheng, Mari Shiratori, Derek Elli, Maria I. DeWitte Department of Anthropology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Julia A. Gamble Department of Forensic Medicine, Unit of Anthropology (ADBOU), University of Southern Denmark, Odense S, Denmark Jesper L. Boldsen History Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA Ann Carmichael Department of History, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA Nükhet Varlik Montreal Heart Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada Jean-Christophe Grenier Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan – Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Jean-Marie Rouillard Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Quebec, Canada Vania Yotova & Renata Sindeaux Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA Chun Jimmie Ye & Matin Bikaran Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA Chun Jimmie Ye & Matin Bikaran Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA Jessica F. Brinkworth Carl R Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA Jessica F. Brinkworth Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada Guy A. Boldsen of the University of Southern Denmark; Ann Carmichiael of Indiana University; Nükhet Varlik of Rutgers University; Katherine Eaton and G. Rouleau Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA Matthias Steinrücken & Luis B. Barreiro Michael G. DeGroote Institute of Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Hendrik N. Poinar Humans and the Microbiome Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Hendrik N. Poinar Committee on Genetics, Genomics, and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA Luis B. Barreiro Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA Luis B. Barreiro .