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Bogle had one simple belief: investing should be low cost. He rallied in the best interests of investors and created a new, personalized experience where mutual funds were operated independently and at minimal cost. Bogle’s concepts were a stark contrast to the traditional mutual fund structure, where third parties managed funds for a profit. He was often outspoken and sometimes received criticism in the industry for his ideals. In 1977, Vanguard eliminated brokers and offered funds directly to investors. Sales charges were eliminated, and it’s estimated that the move saved shareholders “hundreds of millions of dollars in sales commissions,” as reported on Vanguard’s website. , Bogle warned investors about the current bull market. He advised investors start considering how much risk they’re willing to have in a global market under stress. He cited “the mystery of Brexit” as a key catalyst in upcoming market turbulence, and suggested those with upcoming liabilities, like paying for a child’s college, might want to cash out enough to cover the upcoming costs. For investors focused on the long-term, he gave timeless advice: “Keep investing, no matter how frightened you are.” SHARE: Kelly Anne Smith Related Articles