黏液纤维肉瘤 - 概述 - 妙佑医疗国际

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软组织肉瘤

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黏液纤维肉瘤

黏液纤维肉瘤（MFS）是一种癌症，通常表现为一条腿或手臂上出现一个缓慢生长的无痛性肿块。这种疾病主要发生于 50 至 70 岁之间的人群中，男性的发病率略高于女性。黏液纤维肉瘤是一种软组织肉瘤。与其他软组织肉瘤一样，它出现在结缔组织中，特别是那些包围肌肉并使肌肉彼此分离和与皮肤分离的结缔组织。黏液纤维肉瘤可能只位于皮肤下，也可能扩散到肌肉组织深处。黏液纤维肉瘤并不像许多其他类型的癌症那样为人所熟知或了解，部分原因是最近人们才关注到它与另一种软组织肉瘤的区别特征。此外，黏液纤维肉瘤常常被误认为是良性肿瘤，并因此通过只切除可见的增生进行治疗。这会耽误准确的诊断，并使进一步治疗变得复杂。虽然黏液纤维肉瘤往往会在始发的同一部位复发，但大多数患者在治疗后都能够存活 5 年或更长时间。申请 Mayo Clinic 预约

诊断

诊断 MFS 可能是一个挑战。最初的生长物通常只代表了整个肿瘤的一部分，而肿瘤可能已经在生长物根部广泛扩散并向下进入更深的组织。即使采用先进的成像技术，也很难准确评估癌症的真实程度。腿部或手臂上的生长物可能是 MFS 或类似癌症的体征，包括：高尔夫球大小或比其更大随着时间推移变得越来越大深埋在肌肉里而不是皮肤下面评估可能是 MFS 可疑增长的检查包括：磁共振成像。芯针活检如果通过检查发现 MFS 或其他类型的软组织肉瘤，下一步通常是胸部 X 线检查。其目的是确定癌细胞是否已经扩散（转移）到肺部，这是最有可能发生 MFS 转移的部位。

治疗

治疗方案取决于肿瘤的特点，包括：深度。肌肉层之间的肿瘤往往更具侵袭性。大小。宽度、长度或深度为 5 厘米（1.9 英寸）或更大的肿瘤可能需要进行更全面的手术，有时还需要进行其他治疗，例如联合或不联合化疗的放射治疗。等级。黏液纤维肉瘤的等级可能为低（主要由不活动的而非正在分裂的细胞组成，没有死细胞累积）；中（正在分裂的细胞比例较高）；或高（含有大量正在分裂的细胞以及死亡细胞）。低等级肿瘤的侵袭性不如中等级和高等级肿瘤。既往治疗。当黏液纤维肉瘤复发时，复发的肿瘤通常比最初的肿瘤等级更高。黏液纤维肉瘤始终需要通过手术切除癌症及其周围的健康组织边缘。手术的范围根据肿瘤的大小和其他特征而变化。放射疗法通常用作手术治疗的补充。小、低等级、浅表肿瘤。如果未紧邻关节、血管网或其他关键结构，则位于皮肤下方的小黏液纤维肉瘤可以仅通过手术进行治疗。中或高等级肿瘤。对于具有侵袭性特征的肿瘤，术前接受放射疗法可以更容易地确定肿瘤的边界，这样将其连同健康组织边缘一起摘除的几率更高。或者，放射疗法也可以在手术后进行，目的是破坏那些可能未被切除的癌细胞。与其他类型癌症的治疗相比，抗癌药物（化疗）在黏液纤维肉瘤治疗中的作用较小。在过去，半数的黏液纤维肉瘤患者最初接受了截肢术治疗。如今，外科、医学和放射肿瘤科医生尽可能优先考虑保肢。在许多病例中，整形外科医生也会参与最初的手术，为恢复肢体功能的重建手术奠定了基础。

Surgery

The goal of surgery is to cut out as much of the cancer as possible. If all the MFS is removed, surgery might be the only treatment needed. Sometimes it's hard to get all the MFS because this cancer tends to spread out as it grows. It can grow deep into the tissue. Sometimes surgeons can't see all the cancer to make sure it's removed. In the past, surgeons often had to remove a limb to get rid of all the cancer. Today that's often not needed because of newer treatments. Sometimes radiation therapy and chemotherapy are used before surgery to shrink the cancer. This makes it easier to remove.

Radiation therapy

Radiation therapy uses powerful energy beams to kill cancer cells. The energy beams can come from X-rays, protons and other sources. Radiation might be done before surgery to help shrink the MFS. It can also be done after surgery to kill any cancer cells that might be left behind.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is a drug treatment that uses chemicals to kill cancer cells. It might help control a MFS that's growing quickly. It might be an option if MFS doesn't respond to other treatments. 来自妙佑医疗国际员工申请 Mayo Clinic 预约 Dec. 02, 2020 打印

Living with 软组织肉瘤

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