腘窝囊肿 诊断与治疗 妙佑医疗国际

腘窝囊肿 诊断与治疗 妙佑医疗国际

腘窝囊肿 - 诊断与治疗 - 妙佑医疗国际

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腘窝囊肿

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诊断

腘窝囊肿通常可以通过体格检查确诊。不过,由于腘窝囊肿的体征和症状与一些更严重病症的情况相似,例如血凝块、动脉瘤或肿瘤,医生可能会安排非侵入性影像学检查,包括: 超声波 X 线检查 磁共振成像(MRI)

更多信息

磁共振成像超声波检查

治疗

腘窝囊肿有时会自行消失。 但如果囊肿很大且引起疼痛,医生可能会建议采取以下治疗方法: 药物。医生可能会向患膝注射一种皮质类固醇药物(如可的松),以减轻炎症。这可以缓解疼痛,但并不一定可防止囊肿复发。 液体引流。医生用一根针头将膝关节中的液体吸出。这一操作称为针吸,通常会在超声波指导下进行。 物理疗法。冰敷、加压包扎和叉状架有助于减轻疼痛和肿胀。膝盖周围肌肉的小幅活动和增力训练也有助于减轻症状和维持膝盖功能。 如有可能,医生会治疗囊肿的基础性病因。如果医生认为膝软骨撕裂导致滑液产生过多,则可能会建议进行外科手术,以切除或修复软骨撕裂。 与骨关节炎有关的腘窝囊肿通常会随关节炎的治疗而好转。很少需要手术干预。

Medications

A nonprescription pain reliever, such as acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) can reduce pain and inflammation. An injection of steroid medication, such as cortisone, into the knee can reduce inflammation. This may reduce the size of the cyst and relieve pain, but it doesn't always stop the cyst from coming back.

Therapies

Gentle exercises that improve range of motion and strengthen the muscles around the knee may help it feel better and preserve knee function.

Surgery or other procedures

To reduce the size of the cyst, your care provider may drain the fluid from the cyst using a needle. This is called needle aspiration and is often performed with ultrasound guidance. If a joint problem is causing the cyst, arthroscopic surgery may be performed to repair the problem. For example, if a cartilage tear is causing synovial fluid to collect in the knee, the surgeon removes or repairs the torn cartilage. At the same time, the surgeon can also remove fluid from the cyst. Rarely, surgery is needed to remove the cyst. This approach is typically used only after other treatment options haven't helped the pain and the ability to walk or perform other activities is still limited.

更多信息

关节镜检查 申请 Mayo Clinic 预约

生活方式与家庭疗法

如果医生已确定囊肿是关节炎所致,可能会建议您采取以下部分或全部措施: 遵守 R.I.C.E. 原则。这些字母代表休息(Rest)、冰敷(Ice)、加压(Compression)和抬高(Elevation)。让腿休息。冰敷膝盖。用围巾、袖套或背带加压包扎膝盖。尽可能将腿抬高,在晚上尤其需要如此。 尝试使用非处方止痛药。布洛芬(Advil、Motrin IB 等)、萘普生钠(Aleve 等)、对乙酰氨基酚(Tylenol 等)和阿司匹林等药物都有助于缓解疼痛。请遵守包装所示的剂量指示。服药剂量不要超过推荐剂量。 减少体育锻炼。这样做可减少膝关节受到的刺激。医生可以就您需要在多长时间内降低活动水平提供指导,并可能建议您在此期间进行符合您病情的其他形式的锻炼。

准备您的预约

以下信息可帮助您做好就诊准备。

您能做些什么

写下您目前的症状,包括看似与您的约诊原因无关的任何症状。 写下关键的个人信息,包括近期的生活变化。 列出您正在服用的所有药物、维生素和补充剂。 写下要向医生咨询的问题。 由于您和医生交谈的时间有限,请提前准备好问题清单以便充分就诊利用时间。对于腘窝囊肿,要向医生咨询的一些基本问题包括: 导致这种囊肿的原因是什么? 我需要做哪些检查?这些检查是否需要特殊准备? 腘窝囊肿是短暂还是长期存在? 有哪些治疗方法,您推荐哪种? 治疗预期会有什么副作用? 我自己可以采取哪些有益措施? 我是否需要限制活动?如果是,需要限制到什么程度以及限制多久? 我还有其他健康问题。我如何同时管理好这些疾病? 您可以随时询问其他问题。

医生可能做些什么

您的医生可能会询问您一些问题,例如: 您的症状始于什么时候? 您是一直感到疼痛或僵硬,还是疼痛只随活动出现? 您的膝盖是否肿胀,是否有不稳定或卡住的感觉? 您的症状有多严重? 是否有任何因素似乎能令您的症状好转? 有没有什么因素似乎会令您的症状恶化?

What you can do

Write down symptoms you have, including any that may seem unrelated to the reason for which you scheduled the appointment. Write down key personal information, including recent life changes. List all medications, vitamins and supplements you're taking. Write down questions to ask your health care provider. Your time with your care provider may be limited, so preparing a list of questions can help you make the most of your time together. For a Baker cyst, some basic questions to ask include: What caused this cyst to develop? What tests do I need? Do these tests require special preparation? Is a Baker cyst temporary or long lasting? What treatments are available, and which do you recommend? What side effects can I expect from treatment? What steps can I take on my own that might help? Do I need to limit my activity? If so, how much and for how long? I have other health conditions. How can I best manage these conditions together? Don't hesitate to ask other questions.

What to expect from your doctor

Your health care provider is likely to ask you a number of questions, such as: When did your symptoms begin? Do you feel pain or stiffness all the time, or does the pain come and go with activity? Does your knee swell, feel unstable or lock? How severe are your symptoms? Does anything seem to improve your symptoms? What, if anything, appears to worsen your symptoms? 来自妙佑医疗国际员工 申请 Mayo Clinic 预约 症状与病因医生与科室 July 02, 2022 打印 显示参考文献 Helfgott SM. Popliteal (Baker's) cyst. http://www.uptodate.com/home. Accessed April 27, 2015. Imboden JB, et al. Approach to the patient with knee pain. In: Current Rheumatology Diagnosis & Treatment. 3rd ed. New York, N.Y.: The McGraw-Hill Companies; 2013. http://www.accessmedicine.com. Accessed April 27, 2015. Arthritis of the knee. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=a00212. Accessed April 27, 2015.

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腘窝囊肿

Associated Procedures

关节镜检查 磁共振成像 超声波检查

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