多形性日光疹 - 症状与病因 - 妙佑医疗国际

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多形性日光疹

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概述

胸部的多形性日光疹打开弹出式对话框关闭

胸部的多形性日光疹

多形性日光疹多发生在冬季被衣服遮盖而夏天会暴露的部位，如颈部前、胸部前等。多形性日光疹又称多形性光敏疹，对日光敏感者暴露于阳光下就会引起这种皮疹。皮疹通常表现为皮肤上的红色微小肿块或轻微凸起的斑块。人们的日晒时间多在春季和夏初增加，这也是多形性日光疹的高发季节。皮疹不太会随着入夏而复发。但在第一年出现后，以后常会年年复发。多形性日光疹通常会在 10 天内自行消失而不会留下疤痕。出现严重或持续性皮疹的患者可能需要药物治疗。

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症状

手臂上的多形性日光疹打开弹出式对话框关闭

手臂上的多形性日光疹

由多形性日光疹引起的皮疹看上去可能因人而异，但通常包括发红、瘙痒和小肿块，而且肿块可能密集堆积。术语“发疹”是指皮疹，一般在日晒后 30 分钟到几小时内出现。皮疹通常出现在冬天被遮住而夏天暴露在外的身体部位：上胸部、前颈部和手臂。皮疹的特征可能包括：浓密的小突起和水疱凸起的红色粗糙斑点瘙痒或灼热罕见情况下人们可能出现发热、寒战、头痛或恶心等其他体征或症状。这些情况可能与晒伤有关，而非多形性日光疹。何时就诊如果出现无显著原因的任何皮疹，比如已知的过敏或最近接触毒藤，请就医。多形性日光疹看起来与其他疾病引起的皮疹类似，其中一些是严重疾病。因此务必及时诊断和适当治疗。如果皮疹符合以下情况，请立即就医：分布广疼痛伴有发热

When to see a health care provider

See your health care provider if you have any rash with no obvious cause, such as a known allergy or recent contact with poison ivy. Polymorphous light eruption rashes look similar to rashes caused by other diseases, some of which are serious. So it's important to get a prompt diagnosis and treatment. Seek immediate medical care if your rash is: Widespread Painful Accompanied by fever 申请 Mayo Clinic 预约

病因

目前尚不清楚多形性日光疹的准确病因。皮疹出现在对阳光成分（尤其是紫外线 (UV)、阳光辐射或美黑床或美黑灯等其他来源的辐射）敏感的人群中。这种敏感称为光敏。光敏会导致免疫系统活动，从而引发皮疹。

紫外线辐射

紫外线辐射是一种波长过短而无法通过肉眼看见的太阳光。到达地球的紫外线可分为两个波段：紫外线 A (UVA) 和紫外线 B (UVB)。光敏人群对这两种紫外线辐射都有反应。虽然紫外线 B 无法穿透玻璃，紫外线 A 却可以。紫外线 A 甚至可以穿透大多数防晒霜。因此，如果将皮肤（甚至是有防晒霜保护的皮肤）暴露在透过窗户的阳光下，部分光敏人群可能会产生反应。

光敏

当患有多形性日光疹时，反复暴露会减轻对阳光的敏感。多形性日光疹的特征在某种程度上可预测：多形性日光疹最常发生在长期未接受日晒的第一次或前两次日晒后。这通常意味着发作时间为阳光明媚的春天、初夏或寒假。随着夏季的来临，发作可能性会变小。首次发作后，多形性日光疹可能会在每年春天或初夏复发。有些人的敏感程度会在几年后逐渐减轻，最终不再出现皮疹。

UV radiation

UV radiation is a wavelength of sunlight in a range too short for the human eye to see. UV light that reaches the earth is divided into two wavelength bands - ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB). A person with photosensitivity can react to both types of UV radiation. UVB doesn't penetrate glass. UVA does. Exposure to sunlight through windows or even sunscreen-protected skin may cause a reaction in some people with photosensitivity.

Photosensitivity

With polymorphous light eruption, sensitivity to sunlight lessens with repeated exposure. Features of polymorphous light eruption are somewhat predictable: An episode is most likely to occur after the first one or two times of sun exposure after a long period of no exposure, such as in spring or early summer. Episodes are less likely to happen as the summer progresses. After the first episode, it's likely to happen each year. Some people gradually become less sensitive over several years and eventually no longer experience the yearly rash.

风险因素

任何人都可能出现多形性日光疹，但以下因素会增加出现这种疾病的风险：女性首次发病出现在十几岁或二十多岁肤色较白，生活在北方地区有家族史

来自妙佑医疗国际员工申请 Mayo Clinic 预约诊断与治疗 March 15, 2022 打印 Share on: FacebookTwitterWeChat

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CloseWeibo 显示参考文献 AskMayoExpert. Polymorphous light eruption (PMLE). Mayo Clinic; 2021. Elmets CA. Polymorphous light eruption. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Nov. 12, 2021. Photosensitivity. Merck Manual Professional Version. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/dermatologic-disorders/reactions-to-sunlight/photosensitivity?query=photosensitivity#. Accessed Nov. 12, 2021. Sunscreen FAQs. American Academy of Dermatology. https://www.aad.org/media/stats-sunscreen. Accessed Nov. 12, 2021. Kliegman RM, et al. Photosensitivity. In: Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Elsevier; 2020. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Dec. 9, 2021. Patterson JW. Reactions to physical agents. In: Weedon's Skin Pathology. 5th ed. Elsevier; 2021. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Dec. 9, 2021. James WD, et al. Dermatoses resulting from physical factors. In: Andrews' Diseases of the Skin.: Clinical Dermatology. 13th ed. Elsevier; 2020. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Dec. 9, 2021. Sunscreen: How to help protect your skin from the sun. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/understanding-over-counter-medicines/sunscreen-how-help-protect-your-skin-sun. Accessed Nov. 12, 2021. Murphy F, et al. Treatment for burn blisters: Debride or leave intact? Emergency Nurse. 2014;22:24. Gibson LE (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic. Dec. 16, 2021. Melanoma prevention. American Melanoma Foundation. https://melanomafoundation.org/melanoma-prevention. Accessed Dec. 9, 2021. Sunscreens. American Academy of Dermatology. http://www.aad.org/media-resources/stats-and-facts/prevention-and-care/sunscreens#.UbdQaJzm9lP. Accessed Dec. 9, 2021.