椎间盘突出 - 症状与病因 - 妙佑医疗国际
2019 冠状病毒病（COVID - 19）相关事实
关于 COVID-19、COVID-19 疫苗、妙佑医疗国际患者及访客的最新信息 Skip to site navigation Skip to Content 这部分内容没有英语版本。这部分内容没有阿拉伯语版本。 Search 申请预约 查找医生 查找工作 开始捐款 登录患者账户 简体中文 English Español العربية Weibo WeChat Close Twitter Facebook Pinterest YouTube 菜单 预约门诊 患者护理和健康信息 疾病与状况 椎间盘突出
打印 概述
What is a herniated disk A Mayo Clinic expert explains
Learn more from Mohamad Bydon, M.D. 请参见副本 供视频使用 What is a herniated disk A Mayo Clinic expert explains Hello. I'm Dr. Mohamad Bydon, a neurosurgeon at Mayo Clinic. In this video, we'll cover the basics of disk herniation. What is it? Who gets it? The symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Whether you're looking for answers for yourself or someone you love, we're here to give you the best information available. Your spine is a stack of bones known as vertebrae, and between these bones are small rubbery disks that act as cushions. They have a soft jelly-like center or nucleus that is encased by a tougher rubbery exterior. Sometimes the exterior of these rubbery disks can tear, and the soft inside slips out. This results in a herniated disk, also known as a slipped disk or ruptured disk. This disk injury can irritate nearby nerves causing pain, numbness, or weakness in an arm or a leg. Many people with a slipped disk never experience symptoms and surgery is rarely required to fix the problem. Nonetheless, there are a range of treatments available to help those who suffer pain or discomfort from a herniated disk. In most cases, a slipped disk happens because of wear and tear, something known as disk degeneration as you age. Your disks become less flexible and are more prone to tears and ruptures. Most people cannot identify the cause of their herniated disk. It can happen from using your back muscles instead of your leg and thigh muscles to lift heavy a object. Or from awkwardly twisting and turning. That said, there are other factors outside of your age that can increase your risk of slipping a disk. Being overweight increases the strain on the disks in your lower back. Some people may be genetically predisposed to rupturing a disk. Working a physically demanding job, and smoking can decrease the oxygen supply to your disk, causing it to degenerate more rapidly. It's possible to have a herniated disk without having any symptoms. This happens to a lot of people. They may first learn about a herniated disk while undergoing tests for a different issue. Slip disks can trigger a few classic symptoms. Arm or leg pain often described as a sharp or shooting pain. Pain in your buttocks, thighs, calf, even your foot, numbness or tingling. Your exact symptoms depend on where the herniated disk is located, whether it's pressing on a nerve. Talking to a doctor about the pain that you're experiencing is always a smart move. Your doctor will usually be able to tell if you have a herniated disk by conducting a physical exam, asking about your medical history. They may ask you to lie flat, move your legs into various positions. They may also check your reflexes, muscle strength, walking ability, see if you can feel light touch, pinprick vibration. If your doctor thinks another condition is causing the pain or needs to see which nerves are being affected by the slipped disk, they may order one or more of the following; an X-ray, a CT scan, an MRI, rarely a myelogram. Your medical team may perform a nerve test like a nerve conduction study or an EMG to help pinpoint the location of the nerve damage. More often than not, watching your movement, and taking pain medication relieves symptoms for most people. Over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen, ibuprofen, naproxen are great options for mild-to-moderate pain. If your pain is severe, your doctor might recommend a cortisone injection or muscle relaxers. In rare cases, opioids may be prescribed for a short period of time when other treatments have not worked. Physical therapy can also help manage pain with positions, stretches, and exercises designed to minimize the discomfort caused by a herniated disk. Few people with a slipped disk ever need surgery, but when it's necessary, surgeons may perform what's known as a diskectomy. This may be done in an open manner or in a minimally invasive manner. The protruding portion of the disk is removed. Sometimes in cases of spinal instability, a bone graft is needed where the vertebrae are fused together with metal hardware. In rare circumstances, a surgeon may implant an artificial disk to replace the herniated one. If you think you have a herniated disk, talk to your doctor, come prepared, try to figure out when your symptoms started, how you may have injured it, and what, if anything, helps improve your symptoms. Back injuries are incredibly common. Thankfully, most people find a way to manage their pain and are able to return to normal activity in no time. If you'd like to learn more about disk herniation, watch our other related videos or visit mayoclinic.org. We wish you well. 椎间盘突出是指叠加在一起构成脊柱的某些骨头（椎骨）之间的某个弹力垫（椎间盘）出了问题。 脊椎盘有一个柔软的果冻状中心（髓核），被较坚韧的弹力外部（纤维环）所包裹。椎间盘突出有时叫做椎间盘滑出或椎间盘破裂，当一些髓核通过纤维环的裂口向外膨出时，就会发生。 椎间盘突出可能发生在脊柱的任何部位，并会刺激附近的神经。椎间盘突出会随着突出部位的不同导致手臂或腿部疼痛、麻木或无力。 许多人的椎间盘突出没有症状。通常不需要外科手术来缓解这个问题。 椎间盘突出 打开弹出式对话框 关闭 椎间盘突出
椎间盘突出
脊柱椎骨间的弹性椎间盘由软中心（核）和周围较硬的外壳（环）组成。当部分核被从环的裂口推出时，就会发生椎间盘突出。如果脱出的椎间盘压迫神经，就会出现症状。 产品与服务
书籍：《妙佑医疗国际疼痛缓解指南》书籍：《背部和颈部健康》显示妙佑医疗国际的更多产品 症状
大部分椎间盘突出见于下背部，但是也可能发生在颈部。体征和症状取决于椎间盘的位置以及是否压迫神经。通常仅累及一侧身体。 手臂或腿部疼痛。如果您患有下背部椎间盘突出，通常会感觉臀部、大腿和小腿最痛。您也可能出现脚痛。如果您是颈部椎间盘突出，通常会感觉肩部和手臂最痛。您咳嗽、打喷嚏或转换为某个特殊体位时，这种疼痛会快速传入手臂或腿。患者经常将疼痛描述为锐痛或烧灼痛。 麻木感或麻刺感。椎间盘突出的患者经常出现受累神经支配侧身体放射性麻木感或麻刺感。 虚弱。由受累神经支配的肌肉通常会较无力。这可能让您容易绊倒，或者影响您提拿物品的能力。 您可能患有椎间盘突出但是没有症状。您可能不知道自己患有椎间盘突出，直至脊柱图像显示出来。 何时就诊
如颈痛或背痛蔓延到手臂或腿部，或出现麻木、刺痛或无力，请就医。 申请 Mayo Clinic 预约 病因
随着年龄的增长，椎间盘逐渐磨损（被称为椎间盘退化），通常会导致椎间盘突出。随着年龄的增长，椎间盘的灵活性会下降，哪怕轻微劳损或扭曲，也非常容易撕裂或突出。 大多数人无法确定椎间盘突出的确切原因。当您利用背肌而不是小腿和大腿的肌肉举升重物时，有时也会造成椎间盘突出，在负重时扭曲和转身也可能造成这一结果。极少数情况下，跌倒或者背部受到打击等创伤事件，也可能导致椎间盘突出。 风险因素
增加椎间盘突出风险的因素包括： 体重。超重会为下背的椎间盘带来额外的压力。 职业。体力工作者后背出现问题的风险更大。反复提起、拉拽、推动、侧向弯腰以及扭转也可能增加出现椎间盘突出的风险。 遗传学。有些人遗传了椎间盘突出易感体质。 抽烟。一般认为抽烟会减少为椎间盘供应的氧气量，导致椎间盘破裂得更快。 并发症
脊髓恰好延伸至腰部上方。一组形似马尾的长神经根贯穿椎管。 极少数情况下，椎间盘突出症会压迫整个椎管，包括马尾神经的所有神经。极少数情况下，需要紧急手术来避免永久性肌无力或瘫痪。 如果出现以下情况，请立即就医： 症状恶化。疼痛、麻木或虚弱会加重到妨碍您的日常活动。 膀胱或肠道功能障碍。马尾综合征可导致尿失禁或排尿困难（即使膀胱充盈）。 鞍状麻醉。这种渐进式感觉丧失会影响与马鞍接触的部位 — 大腿内侧、腿后部和直肠周围的区域。 预防
以下方法有助于预防椎间盘突出： 运动。强化躯干肌肉来稳定和支持脊柱。 保持良好的体态。这会降低您脊柱和椎间盘的压力。特别是长时间坐着的时候，要保持背部挺直。正确举起重物，用您的腿部而不是背部来做大部分工作。 保持健康的体重。体重过重会对脊柱和椎间盘产生更多压力，使它们更易患腰椎间盘突出症。 戒烟。戒除任何烟草制品。 来自妙佑医疗国际员工 申请 Mayo Clinic 预约 诊断与治疗 Sept. 26, 2019 打印 Share on: FacebookTwitterWeChat WeChat
CloseWeibo 显示参考文献 Herniated disc. American Association of Neurological Surgeons. https://www.aans.org/en/Patients/Neurosurgical-Conditions-and-Treatments/Herniated-Disc. Accessed Aug. 20, 2019. AskMayoExpert. Herniated disc. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; 2019. Levin K, et al. Acute lumbosacral radiculopathy: Treatment and prognosis. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Aug. 20, 2019. Herniated disk. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/herniated-disk/. Accessed Aug. 20, 2019. FAQs before EDX testing. American Association of Neuromuscular & Electrodiagnostic Medicine. https://www.aanem.org/Patients/FAQs-before-EDX-Testing. Accessed Aug. 20, 2019. Herniated disk in the lower back. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/herniated-disk-in-the-lower-back/. Accessed Aug. 20, 2019. Shelerud RA (expert opintion). Mayo Clinic. Aug. 26, 2019. 相关
What is a herniated disk A Mayo Clinic expert explains 桥式姿势 椎间盘切除术 椎间盘膨出 Show more related content Associated Procedures
CT 扫描 X 线 椎板切除术 椎间盘切除术 磁共振成像 肌电图 (EMG) 脊柱融合术 Show more associated procedures 产品与服务
书籍：《妙佑医疗国际疼痛缓解指南》 书籍：《背部和颈部健康》 Show more products and services from Mayo Clinic 椎间盘突出
症状与病因诊断与治疗医生与科室 Advertisement
妙佑医疗国际不为任何公司或产品背书。广告收入为我们的非营利使命提供支持。 广告与赞助政策 政策 机会 广告选择 妙佑医疗国际出版社
浏览妙佑医疗国际出版社提供的畅销书以及书籍和简报的特别优惠。 更新：聪明烹饪，健康饮食 - 妙佑医疗国际出版社更新：聪明烹饪，健康饮食妙佑医疗国际免费饮食方案评估 - 妙佑医疗国际出版社妙佑医疗国际免费饮食方案评估更新：妙佑医疗国际听觉和平衡 - 妙佑医疗国际出版社更新：妙佑医疗国际听觉和平衡妙佑医疗国际健康通讯 — 免费书籍 - 妙佑医疗国际出版社妙佑医疗国际健康通讯 — 免费书籍活得更年轻更长久 - 妙佑医疗国际出版社活得更年轻更长久 CON-20197650 患者护理和健康信息 疾病与状况 椎间盘突出