1 型糖尿病 症状与病因 妙佑医疗国际

1 型糖尿病 症状与病因 妙佑医疗国际

1 型糖尿病 - 症状与病因 - 妙佑医疗国际

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1 型糖尿病

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概述

1 型糖尿病是一种慢性病,指胰腺不再产生胰岛素或产生的胰岛素很少,曾被称为青少年糖尿病或胰岛素依赖型糖尿病。胰岛素是一种激素,可使糖(葡萄糖)进入细胞产生能量。 包括遗传和某些病毒在内的许多因素都会导致 1 型糖尿病。虽然 1 型糖尿病通常出现在儿童或青少年时期,但成人也可能患上这种疾病。 尽管进行了积极研究,但 1 型糖尿病尚无治愈方法。治疗主要通过胰岛素、饮食和生活方式来控制血糖水平,以预防并发症。

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书籍:《妙佑医疗国际糖尿病饮食》书籍:《糖尿病精要》显示妙佑医疗国际的更多产品

症状

1 型糖尿病的体征和症状可能相对突然地出现,包括: 加重的口渴 尿频 之前在夜里不尿床的儿童尿床 极度饥饿 非有意体重减轻 易激惹和其他情绪变化 疲劳和虚弱 视力模糊

何时就医

如果您发现您自己或您子女出现上述任何体征和症状,请咨询医生。 申请 Mayo Clinic 预约

病因

1 型糖尿病的具体病因尚不明确。通常情况下,身体自身的免疫系统(常与有害的细菌和病毒作斗争)错误地破坏了胰腺中产生胰岛素(胰岛或朗格汉斯岛)的细胞。其他可能的病因包括: 遗传 接触病毒和其他环境因素

胰岛素的作用

一旦大量的胰岛细胞遭破坏,胰腺就只能分泌很少胰岛素,甚至不分泌胰岛素。胰岛素是由胃后下方的腺体(胰腺)分泌的激素。 胰岛素由胰腺分泌进入血液循环。 胰岛素在体内循环,促进葡萄糖进入细胞内。 胰岛素会降低血流中葡萄糖的含量。 随着血糖水平下降,胰腺分泌的胰岛素也会减少。

葡萄糖的作用

葡萄糖这种糖是组成肌肉和其他组织的细胞的主要能量来源。 葡萄糖有两大主要来源:食物和肝脏。 糖被吸收后进入血流,在胰岛素的帮助下进入细胞。 您的肝脏以糖原形式储存葡萄糖。 如果您因一段时间未进食等原因导致葡糖糖水平低,则肝脏将储存的糖原分解为葡萄糖,使您的葡萄糖水平维持在正常范围。 出现 1 型糖尿病时,由于胰岛素缺乏,葡萄糖无法进入细胞,致使糖在您的血流中堆积。这会引起可能危及生命的并发症。

风险因素

1 型糖尿病的一些已知风险因素包括: 家族史。其父母或兄弟姐妹患 1 型糖尿病的任何人形成此病的风险略升高。 遗传学。存在某些基因提示形成 1 型糖尿病的风险升高。 地理因素。随着您远离赤道出行,1 型糖尿病的发病率趋于升高。 年龄。尽管 1 型糖尿病可能在任何年龄出现,但它在两个明显的高峰期出现。第一个高峰期出现在 4 到 7 岁的儿童中,第二个高峰期出现在 10 到 14 岁的儿童中。

并发症

随着时间的推移,1 型糖尿病并发症会影响到您体内的主要器官,包括心脏、血管、神经、眼睛和肾脏。维持正常的血糖水平可以显著降低很多并发症的风险。 糖尿病并发症最终可能会导致残障甚至危及生命。 心脏和血管疾病。糖尿病会显著增加各种心血管问题的风险,包括伴有胸部疼痛(心绞痛)的冠状动脉疾病、心脏病发作、卒中、动脉狭窄(动脉粥样硬化)和高血压。 神经损伤(神经病变)。血糖过多会伤害滋养神经(尤其是腿部神经)的细小血管(毛细血管)壁。这会引起麻刺感、麻木感、灼热或疼痛,通常始于趾尖或指尖,并且会逐渐向上扩散。血糖控制不佳会导致患肢最终丧失所有感觉。 累及胃肠道的神经损伤会导致恶心、呕吐、腹泻或便秘等问题。这可能会导致男性出现勃起功能障碍。 肾脏损伤(肾脏病变)。肾脏由数百万个微血管球组成,这些血管球可过滤血液中的废物。糖尿病会破坏这种精细的过滤系统。严重的肾脏损伤可导致肾功能衰竭或不可逆的终末期肾病,这会需要透析或肾移植。 眼睛损伤。糖尿病会损害视网膜的血管(糖尿病性视网膜病变),可能导致失明。糖尿病还会增加患白内障和青光眼等其他严重视力疾病的风险。 足部损伤。足部神经损伤或供血不足会增加各种足部并发症的风险。如果不加以治疗,伤口和水疱可能变成严重感染,最终可能导致脚趾、脚或腿部需要截肢。 皮肤和口腔疾病。糖尿病会让皮肤和口腔更容易受到感染,包括细菌和真菌感染。这也会导致牙龈疾病和口腔干燥的风险增加。 妊娠并发症。高血糖水平会对母亲和婴儿都造成危险。糖尿病未得到妥善控制可能导致流产、死产和出生缺陷的风险增加。对于母亲而言,糖尿病会增加糖尿病酮症酸中毒、糖尿病眼病(视网膜病变)、妊娠引起的高血压和子痫前期的风险。

预防

目前尚无预防 1 型糖尿病的方法。但研究人员正致力于预防这种疾病,或防止新确诊患者的胰岛细胞受到进一步破坏。 您可以向医生咨询您是否有资格参与这些临床试验,但需要谨慎权衡试验中任何可用治疗的风险和益处。

在妙佑医疗国际的体验与患者故事

患者告诉我们,互动质量、关注细节以及就医效率都是他们从未经历过的医疗体验。查看妙佑医疗国际满意患者的故事。

Pancreas transplant to cure diabetes

It was in 2017 when 48-year-old Lynn Guzik suffered a massive heart attack out of the blue. An insulin-dependent diabetic for more than 20 years, Lynn struggled to control her diabetes, but she hadn’t had any heart issues before. The damage to her heart was significant, however, and in 2017, Lynn underwent a heart transplant in her then-hometown of Houston, Texas. Despite her new heart, Lynn, a mother of two, says she could barely function… 来自妙佑医疗国际员工 申请 Mayo Clinic 预约 诊断与治疗 July 07, 2022 打印 Share on: FacebookTwitterWeChat

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Associated Procedures

尿液分析 糖化血红蛋白 (A1C) 检测 胰腺移植 血压检查 骨髓移植 Show more associated procedures

Mayo Clinic 新闻

Infographic: Pancreas-kidney transplant for diabetics May 05, 2021, 03:00 p.m. CDT Infographic: Pancreas and kidney transplant for diabetics May 15, 2019, 03:00 p.m. CDT

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1 型糖尿病

症状与病因诊断与治疗医生与科室

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