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What is kidney cancer An expert explains
Learn more from urologic oncologist Bradley Leibovich, M.D. 请参见副本 供视频使用 What is kidney cancer An expert explains I'm Dr. Brad Leibovich, urologic oncologist at Mayo Clinic. In this video, we'll cover the basics of kidney cancer: What is it? Who gets it? The symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Whether you're looking for answers for yourself or for someone you love, we're here to give you the best information available. First, let's talk about the kidney. You have two of these bean-shaped organs, each about the size of your fist. They sit right behind your abdominal organs with one on each side of the spine. It's their job to filter excess water, salt, and waste products from your body, turning those substances into urine. Like other organs, kidneys are made up of cellular tissue. Sometimes the cells in this tissue behave irregularly. Changes in their DNA make them grow in abnormal ways, forming tumors. This is how cancer develops. The most common type of kidney cancer is renal cell carcinoma. About nine out of 10 kidney cancers are this type. With improvements in technology, thankfully, come improvements in treatment. So in an encouraging turn, kidney cancer has never been more treatable than it is today. The average age of those diagnosed with kidney cancer is 64. It is about twice as common in men as it is in women. The exact causes of kidney cancer, like many other cancers, are not known. However, we do know that certain things can increase your chances of developing kidney cancer. Older age, smoking, obesity, high blood pressure, long-term dialysis, and a family history of kidney cancer can all increase your risk. Unfortunately, kidney cancer is often hard to diagnose, as it doesn't have clear signs or symptoms in its early stages. Over time, the following may develop: Blood in your urine, which may appear pink, red or cola colored. Pain in your back or side that does not go away. Loss of appetite. Unexplained weight loss. Persistent tiredness. Fever. Or night sweats. If you're worried that you may be experiencing these symptoms, please talk to your doctor. The way doctors evaluate kidney tumors may include one or more of the following tests and procedures: Blood and urine tests. Imaging tests like ultrasounds, x-rays, CT scans and MRIs, which can help visualize the tumor or abnormality. On occasion, your doctor may recommend a biopsy. This involves removing a small sample of tissue from the tumor with a needle for further testing. If it's determined that you have kidney cancer, the next step is staging that cancer. Staging is a medical term to describe how advanced your cancer is. Specific tests for staging could include further CT scans or other imaging tests. Once the doctor has enough information, they'll assign a Roman numeral ranging from 1 to 4 to indicate the stage of your cancer. The lower end means your cancer is confined to the kidney. The higher means the cancer is considered advanced and may have spread to the lymph nodes or other areas of the body. There are a few small upsides to kidney cancer versus others. The fact that we have two kidneys, and our bodies typically only need one to function normally, means that in many occasions, if the kidney cancer is localized and hasn't spread to other parts of the body, not only are the odds of surviving very good, but typically we do not have any negative impact on quality of life from the treatment for kidney cancer. For most, surgery is the first step. Depending upon the stage and severity of cancer, surgeons may remove the affected kidney altogether - a procedure known as a nephrectomy or radical nephrectomy. Sometimes they may opt to remove the tumor from the kidney. This is known as a partial nephrectomy or kidney-sparing or nephron-sparing surgery. In addition to surgery, some kidney cancers are destroyed by non-surgical methods. Cryoablation is a treatment that freezes and kills cancerous cells. Radiofrequency ablation is a treatment that causes the mutated cells to heat up, in effect disintegrating them. The best treatment for you depends on a handful of factors, including your overall health, the kind of kidney cancer you have, whether the cancer has spread and your preferences for treatment. Together, you and your medical team can decide what's right for you. Learning you've been diagnosed with cancer is never easy. But there are ways to cope with the daily challenges of processing your disease, treatment and recovery. Learning about your condition can help you feel comfortable when it comes to making decisions. Taking care of yourself is another. Stay active. Sleep well. Eat healthy. And if you feel up to it, keep doing the things you enjoy. Reach out to others. Your doctor can help you find a support group. Don't be afraid to ask for help if you need it. It's normal to feel overwhelmed, depressed or anxious. Sometimes talking to a mental health specialist can make all the difference. Remember, with the right treatment, the right team and the right mindset, there's always a road forward. If you'd like to learn even more about kidney cancer, here are our other related videos or visit mayoclinic.org. We wish you well. 肾癌 打开弹出式对话框 关闭 肾癌
肾癌
肾癌是一种起源于肾脏的癌症。 肾癌是一种起源于肾脏的癌症。肾脏是两个豆状器官，各肾脏的大小与拳头相当。肾脏位于腹部器官后方，脊柱两侧各有一个。 肾细胞癌是成年人最常见的肾癌类型。但也可能出现其他不太常见的肾癌类型。幼儿更易患一种名为肾母细胞瘤的肾癌。 肾癌的发病率似乎在增加。原因之一可能是计算机断层成像（CT）等影像学技术的普及。这些检查可能导致更多肾癌被意外发现。肾癌通常发现于早期，该时期的癌症不严重且局限于肾脏。 产品与服务
书籍：《妙佑医疗国际家庭健康手册》第 5 版妙佑医疗国际癌症中心简报：妙佑医疗国际卫生来信 — 数字版显示妙佑医疗国际的更多产品 症状
肾癌早期通常没有体征或症状。最终可能出现的体征和症状有： 血尿，尿液可能呈粉色、红色或可乐色 背部或两侧腰部持续疼痛 食欲不振 原因不明的体重减轻 疲倦 发热 何时就诊
如果有任何持续的体征或症状令您担心，请预约医生就诊。 申请 Mayo Clinic 预约 病因
大多数肾癌的病因尚不明确。 医生知道当某些肾细胞的 DNA 发生变化（突变）时，便会发生肾癌。细胞的 DNA 包含指示细胞该如何做的指令。而 DNA 变化会导致细胞快速生长和分裂。来自肿瘤的异常细胞会积聚，扩散到肾脏以外部位。一些细胞会脱落并扩散（转移）到身体的较远部位。 风险因素
可能增加患肾癌风险的因素包括： 年龄较大。随着年龄的增长，患肾癌的风险会升高。 吸烟。吸烟者患肾癌的风险高于不吸烟者。戒烟后风险会降低。 肥胖症。肥胖者患肾癌的风险高于被认为具有健康体重的人。 高血压（高血压症）。高血压也会增加患肾癌的风险。 肾衰竭的治疗方法。接受长期透析以治疗慢性肾功能衰竭的人患肾癌的风险更大。 某些遗传病综合征。患某些遗传病综合征可能增加患肾癌的风险，例如 von Hippel-Lindau 综合征、Birt-Hogg-Dube 综合征、结节性硬化症、遗传性乳头状肾细胞癌或家族性肾癌患者。 肾癌家族病史。如果近亲家属患过肾癌，则患肾癌的风险会更高。 预防
采取措施改善您的健康状况有助于降低患肾癌的风险。为降低风险，请： 戒烟。如果您抽烟，请戒烟。戒烟有很多方法可选，包括支持计划、药物和尼古丁替代品。告诉医生您想要戒烟，并一起讨论您的选择。 保持健康体重。努力保持健康体重。如果您体重过重或者肥胖，则减少您每天摄入的热量，并尽量在一周中大部分日子里进行体育锻炼。向医生咨询其他有助于您减重的健康策略。 控制高血压。下次就诊时请您的医生检查您的血压。如果您的血压很高，您可以咨询降低血压值的可选方法。生活方式措施（如运动、减轻体重和改变饮食）可以有所帮助。有些人可能需要用药来降低血压。与医生讨论您的可选方法。 来自妙佑医疗国际员工 在 Mayo Clinic 治疗 申请 Mayo Clinic 预约 诊断与治疗 May 25, 2022 打印 Share on: FacebookTwitterWeChat WeChat
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Connect with others like you for support and answers to your questions in the Cancer support group on Mayo Clinic Connect, a patient community. Cancer Discussions
Anyone have experience with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)? 7 Replies Tue, Oct 11, 2022 chevron-right Leiomyosarcoma: What can I expect now? 10 Replies Mon, Oct 10, 2022 chevron-right Kidney Cancer: How to make recovery from surgery easier? 7 Replies Tue, Oct 04, 2022 chevron-right See more discussions 显示参考文献 Kidney cancer. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/default.aspx. Accessed May 8, 2020. Partin AW, et al., eds. Malignant renal tumors. In: Campbell-Walsh-Wein Urology. 12th ed. Elsevier; 2021. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed May 8, 2020. Niederhuber JE, et al., eds. Cancer of the kidney. In: Abeloff's Clinical Oncology. 6th ed. Elsevier; 2020. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed May 8, 2020. Renal cell cancer treatment (PDQ). National Cancer Institute. https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/patient/kidney-treatment-pdq. Accessed May 8, 2020. Distress management. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/default.aspx. Accessed May 8, 2020. Alt AL, et al. Survival after complete surgical resection of multiple metastases from renal cell carcinoma. Cancer. 2011; doi:10.1002/cncr.25836. Lyon TD, et al. Complete surgical metastasectomy of renal cell carcinoma in the post-cytokine era. The Journal of Urology. 2020; doi:10.1097/JU.0000000000000488. Dong H, et al. B7-H1, a third member of the B7 family, co-stimulates T-cell proliferation and interleukin-10 secretion. Nature Medicine. 1999;5:1365. Peyronnet B, et al. Impact of hospital volume and surgeon volume on robot-assisted partial nephrectomy outcomes: A multicenter study. BJU International. 2018; doi:10.1111/bju.14175. Hsu RCJ, et al. Impact of hospital nephrectomy volume on intermediate- to long-term survival in renal cell carcinoma. BJU International. 2020; doi:10.1111/bju.14848. NCCN member institutions. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. https://www.nccn.org/members/network.aspx. Accessed May 20, 2020. Locations. Children's Oncology Group. https://www.childrensoncologygroup.org/index.php/locations. Accessed May 20, 2020. 相关
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书籍：《妙佑医疗国际家庭健康手册》第 5 版 妙佑医疗国际癌症中心 简报：妙佑医疗国际卫生来信 — 数字版 Show more products and services from Mayo Clinic 妙佑医疗国际明尼苏达州罗切斯特院区被《美国新闻与世界报道