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How to Move, Delete, and Rename Locked Files

Getting a 'locked file' error? Here's what it means and how to fix it

By Tim Fisher Tim Fisher Senior Vice President & Group General Manager, Tech & Sustainability Emporia State University Tim Fisher has more than 30 years' of professional technology experience. He's been writing about tech for more than two decades and serves as the VP and General Manager of Lifewire. lifewire's editorial guidelines Updated on April 18, 2022 Tweet Share Email Tweet Share Email Windows The Ultimate Laptop Buying Guide A computer file that can be used by only a single program or process at one time is considered a locked file. In other words, the file in question is "locked away" from being used by any other program on the computer it's on or even over a network. All operating systems use locked files. In most cases, the purpose of locking a file is to make sure it can't be edited, moved, or deleted while it's being used, either by you or some computer process. Fotosearch / Getty Images

How to Tell if a File Is Locked

You won't normally go hunting around for files that are locked—it's not a file attribute or some sort of thing you can pull up a list for. The easiest way to tell if a file is locked is when the operating system tells you so after you've tried to modify it or move it from where it's at. For example, if you open a DOCX file for editing in Microsoft Word, that file will be locked by that program. If you try to delete, rename, or move it while the program is using it, you'll be told that you can't because the file is locked. Other programs will actually generate a locked file with a particular file extension like .LCK, which is used by programs from Autodesk, VMware, Corel, Microsoft, and likely others. Others might use the .LOCK file extension or something similar. Locked file messages vary a lot, especially from operating system to operating system, but most of the time you'll see something like this: The source or destination file may be in use.The action can't be completed because the file is open in another program.You must close the file before proceeding.The process cannot access the file because another process has locked a portion of the file.This virtual machine appears to be in use. It's similar to folders, which often show a Folder in Use prompt, followed by a Close the folder or file and try again message.

How to Unlock a Locked File

Moving, renaming, or deleting a locked file can sometimes be difficult if you're not sure what program or process has it open...which you'll need to close. Sometimes it's very easy to tell what program has the file locked because the operating system will tell you in the error message, like in the PowerPoint example shown in the image above. Often times, however, that doesn't happen, complicating the process. For example, with some locked files, you'll be met with a prompt that says something very general like "the folder or a file in it is open in another program." In this case, you can't be sure which program it is. It may even be from a process running in the background that you can't even see is open! Fortunately, there are a number of free programs that clever software makers have created that you can use to move, rename, or delete a locked file when you're unsure of what's locking it. Our favorite is LockHunter. With it, you can just right-click a locked file or folder to clearly see what's holding it, and then easily unlock the file by shutting down the program that's using it. Files can also be locked over a network; if one user has that file open, it can prevent another user on a different computer from opening the file in a way that lets him or her make changes. When this happens, the Shared Folders tool in Computer Management comes in really handy. Just tap-and-hold or right-click on the open file or folder and choose Close Open File. If you're dealing with a specific error like the "virtual machine" error from above, you might need to investigate what's going on. In that case, it's usually a VMware Workstation problem where LCK files are not letting you take ownership of the VM. You can just delete the LCK files associated with the virtual machine in question. Once a file is unlocked, it can be edited or moved like any other file. How to Remove Write Protection on Windows 11

How to Back Up Locked Files

Locked files can also be a problem for automatic backup tools. When a file is in use, it often can't be accessed to the degree that a backup program needs to ensure that it gets backed up. Enter Volume Shadow Copy Service, or VSS. Volume Shadow Copy Service is a feature that was first introduced in Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 that enables snapshots to be taken of files or volumes even while they're being used. VSS enables other programs and services like System Restore (in Windows Vista and newer), backup tools (like COMODO Backup), and online backup software (like Carbonite) to access the clone of the file without touching the original, locked file. Using Volume Shadow Copy with a backup tool is a huge plus because you'll never have to worry about closing all of your open programs just so the files they're using can be backed up. With this enabled and in use, you can use your computer like you normally would, with VSS working in the background and out of sight. You should know that not all backup programs or services support Volume Shadow Copy, and even for the few that do, you often have to explicitly enable the feature. Was this page helpful? Thanks for letting us know! Get the Latest Tech News Delivered Every Day Subscribe Tell us why! Other Not enough details Hard to understand Submit More from Lifewire What Is a DAT File? (And How to Open One) What lsass.exe Is & How It Affects Your Computer 31 Best Free Backup Software Tools (October 2022) Zoolz Review (Updated for October 2022) How to Lock a Folder in Windows 10 12 Best Free Defrag Software Tools (October 2022) COMODO Backup v4.4.1.23 Review (Free Backup Software) Smart Defrag Review (v8) What Is a Mirror Image Backup? How to Delete Temporary Files in Windows AOMEI Backupper Standard v7 Review (A Backup Tool) 32 Best Free File Shredder Programs (October 2022) EaseUS Todo Backup Free 2022 Review XAR File (What It Is and How to Open One) IObit Uninstaller v12 Review The Best Windows Keyboard Shortcuts in 2022 Newsletter Sign Up Newsletter Sign Up Newsletter Sign Up Newsletter Sign Up Newsletter Sign Up By clicking “Accept All Cookies”, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. Cookies Settings Accept All Cookies