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What Is a Text File?

How to open, edit, and convert text files

By Tim Fisher Tim Fisher Senior Vice President & Group General Manager, Tech & Sustainability Emporia State University Tim Fisher has more than 30 years' of professional technology experience. He's been writing about tech for more than two decades and serves as the VP and General Manager of Lifewire. lifewire's editorial guidelines Updated on June 8, 2022 Tweet Share Email Tweet Share Email

In This Article

Expand Jump to a Section What Is a Text File Identify Text Files Open Text Files Open Files as Text Documents Convert Text Files Troubleshoot Jumbled Text Frequently Asked Questions

What to Know

A text file contains just text (versus other content like images). Open one with any text editor, such as Notepad or TextEdit. Convert to other text-based formats with Notepad++ and similar tools. This article describes what a text file is and how to open one or convert one to a different format.

What Is a Text File

A text file is a file containing text, but there are several ways to think about that, so it's important to know the kind of text document you have before dealing with a program that can open or convert it. Some text files use the .TXT file extension and don't contain any images. Others might contain both images and text, but still be called a text file or even abbreviated as a "txt file," which can be confusing.

Types of Text Files

In the general sense, a text file refers to any file that has only text and is void of images and other non-text characters. These sometimes use the TXT file extension but don't necessarily need to. For example, a Word document that is an essay containing just text can be in the DOCX file format but still be called a text file. Another kind of text file is the "plain text" file. This is a file that contains zero formatting (unlike RTF files), meaning nothing is bold, italic, underlined, colored, using a special font, etc. Several examples of plain text file formats include ones that end in these file extensions: XML, REG, BAT, PLS, M3U, M3U8, SRT, IES, AIR, STP, XSPF, DIZ, SFM, THEME, and TORRENT. Of course, files with the .TXT extension are text files, too, and are commonly used to store things that can be easily opened with any text editor or written to with a simple script. Examples might include storing step-by-step instructions for how to use something, a place to hold temporary information, or logs generated by a program (though those are usually stored in a LOG file). "Plaintext," or cleartext files, are different than "plain text" files (with a space). If file storage encryption or file transfer encryption isn't used, the data can be said to exist in plaintext or be transferred over plaintext. This can be applied to anything that should be secured but isn't, be it emails, messages, plain text files, passwords, etc., but it's usually used in reference to cryptography.

How to Open a Text File

All text editors should be able to open any text file, especially if there isn't any special formatting being used. For example, TXT files can be opened with the built-in Notepad program in Windows by right-clicking the file and choosing Edit. Similar for TextEdit on a Mac. Another free program that can open any text file is Notepad++. Once installed, you can right-click the file and choose Edit with Notepad++. The 4 Best Free Text Editors for Windows & Mac Most web browsers and mobile devices can open text files as well. However, since most of them aren't built to load text files using the various extensions you mind them using, you might need to first rename the file extension to .TXT if you want to use those applications to read the file. Some other text editors and viewers include Microsoft Word, TextPad, Notepad2, Geany, and Microsoft WordPad. Additional text editors for macOS include BBEdit and TextMate. Linux users can also try Leafpad, gedit, and KWrite.

Open Any File as a Text Document

Something else to understand here is that any file can be opened as a text document, even if it doesn't contain readable text. Doing this is useful when you're not sure what file format it's really in, like if it's missing a file extension, or you think it's been identified with an incorrect file extension. For example, you can open an MP3 audio file as a text file by plugging it into a text editor like Notepad++. You can't play the MP3 this way, but you can see what it's made up of in text form, since the text editor is only able to render the data as text. With MP3s in particular, the very first line should include ID3 to indicate that it's a metadata container that might store information like an artist, album, track number, etc.
Another example is the PDF file format; every file starts off with the %PDF text on the first line, even though the rest of the document is completely unreadable.

How to Convert Text Files

The only real purpose for converting text files is to save them into another text-based format like CSV, PDF, XML, HTML, XLSX, etc. You can do this with most advanced text editors but not the simpler ones since they generally only support basic export formats like TXT, CSV, and RTF. For example, the Notepad++ program mentioned above is capable of saving to a huge number of file formats, like HTML, TXT, NFO, PHP, PS, ASM, AU3, SH, BAT, SQL, TEX, VGS, CSS, CMD, REG, URL, HEX, VHD, PLIST, JAVA, XML, and KML. Other programs that export to a text format can probably save to a few different kinds, typically TXT, RTF, CSV, and XML. So if you need a file from a specific program to be in a new text format, consider returning to the application that made the original text file, and export it to something else. All that said, text is text so long as it's plain text, so simply renaming the file, swapping one extension for another, might be all you need to do to "convert" the file. See our list of Free Document Converter Software Programs for some additional file converters that work with various types of text files.

Still Can' t Open Your File

Are you seeing jumbled text when you open your file? Maybe most of it, or all of it, is completely unreadable. The most likely reason for this is that the file isn't plain text. Like we mentioned above, you can open any file with Notepad++, but like with the MP3 example, it doesn't mean that you can actually use the file there. If you try your file in a text editor and it's not rendering like you think it should, rethink how it should open; it's probably not in a file format that can be explained in human-readable text. If you have no idea how your file should open, consider trying some popular programs that work with a wide variety of formats. For example, while Notepad++ is great for seeing the text version of a file, try dragging your file into VLC media player to check if it's a media file that contains video or sound data. FAQ How do I open TXT files on an Android? Some Android phones or tablets have built-in office apps that can open TXT files as well as other types of documents and spreadsheets. If your device’s office app can’t open a text file, try a third-party Android text editor. For example, download Text Editor from the Google Play Store and use it to open and read your text files. How do I make TXT files? On Windows, right-click any open space on the Desktop > New > Text Document. On a Mac, open Finder and navigate to the folder where you want the TXT file, then launch Terminal and enter touch MyTextFile.txt. On any system, you can also open a word processing application such as Microsoft Word, create your document, and then save it as a Plain Text (.txt) file. How do you convert a text file to Excel? In Excel, select the Data tab > From Text/CVS > choose your text file > Import. Next, select Delimited > choose a delimiter > Next > General > Finish. Then, to ensure that your data starts with Row 1, Column A, select Existing Worksheet, and type Add "=$A$1" in the field. How do I create a text file that lists the contents of a folder? On a Windows PC, open Command Prompt and navigate to the folder whose text contents you want to list. Enter dir > listmyfolder.txt to redirect the command's output to a file. Was this page helpful? Thanks for letting us know! Get the Latest Tech News Delivered Every Day Subscribe Tell us why! Other Not enough details Hard to understand Submit More from Lifewire M File (What It Is and How to Open One) The 4 Best Free Text Editors for Windows & Mac EDS File (What It Is and How to Open One) C File (What It Is & How to Open One) What Is a DAT File? (And How to Open One) AHK File (What It Is and How to Open One) SVG Files: What They Are and How to Open & Convert Them TEX File (What It Is and How to Open One) CSV File (What It Is & How to Open One) What Is a CGI File? What Is a JSX File? CFG & CONFIG Files (What They Are & How to Open Them) DMC File (What It Is and How to Open One) RVT File (What It Is and How to Open One) DDL File (What It Is & How to Open One) DO File (What It Is & How to Open One) Newsletter Sign Up Newsletter Sign Up Newsletter Sign Up Newsletter Sign Up Newsletter Sign Up By clicking “Accept All Cookies”, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. Cookies Settings Accept All Cookies